Rosa rubiginosa |
Rosa arkansana |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eglantine or sweet briar rose, Eglantine rose, rosier églantier, small-flower sweetbrier, sweet-briar rose, sweet-brier, sweetbrier rose |
Arkansas rose, prairie rose, wild prairie rose |
|||||
Habit | Shrubs, erect; not rhizomatous. | Shrubs, forming hedge clusters. | ||||
Stems | 10–30 dm; distal branches arching, bark dark brownish red; infrastipular prickles single or paired, curved, falcate, 6–12 × 3–7 mm, lengths varying or ± uniform, internodal prickles sometimes mixed with aciculi and glandular setae. |
erect, slender or stout, 6–15 dm, openly branched; bark dull red to purplish red, glabrous; infrastipular prickles rarely present, internodal prickles densely mixed with aciculi to stem apices, erect, terete, 1–3(–4) × 0.5–2 mm, base rarely extending to 3 mm, smallest often gland-tipped, aciculi rarely absent. |
||||
Leaves | persistent, 4–6.5 cm; stipules 6–10 × 2–4 mm, auricles 3–5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets, puberulent, stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), viscid glands with ripe apple scent, terminal: petiolule 5–10 mm, blade mostly suborbiculate or broadly oval, 10–25 × 8–15 mm, base obtuse, margins 2- or multi-serrate, teeth 10–18 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces glabrous or pubescent, usually densely viscid-glandular, adaxial green, lustrous to dull, puberulent or glabrous. |
5–10(–16) cm; stipules 18–24 × 4–7 mm, auricles flared, 2.5–4(–7) mm, margins undulate, coarsely or shallowly glandular-serrate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent, eglandular; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, sometimes with sparse aciculi, pubescent, sometimes glabrous, rarely stipitate-glandular; leaflets (5–)7–9(–11), terminal: petiolule 4–12 mm, blade obovate, sometimes elliptic, 15–40 × 8–20 mm, membranous, margins 1(–2+)-serrate, teeth 8–16 per side, eglandular, rarely gland-tipped, apex acute, abaxial surfaces pale green, pubescent, sometimes glabrous, eglandular, adaxial green, ± glaucous, dull, sometimes pubescent (especially along midveins). |
||||
Inflorescences | panicles, 1–3(–7)-flowered. |
corymbs, 1–6(–16)-flowered. |
||||
Pedicels | erect, 6–9 mm, densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes mixed with aciculi [and setae]; bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 15 × 5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
erect, slender, 10–20 mm, glabrous, eglandular; bracts 1 or 2(or 3), broadly lanceolate, 11–20 × 5–8 mm, margins entire, eglandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
||||
Flowers | 2–4 cm diam.; hypanthium obovoid or broadly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, eglandular, neck (0–)1–1.5 × 3–4 mm; sepals erect or spreading, rarely reflexed, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 14–18 × 2 mm, margins mostly pinnatifid, tip 3–5 × 0.5–1 mm, abaxially densely stipitate-glandular; petals bright or deep pink, 11–20 × 11–18 mm; carpels 25–45, styles villous or glabrous, exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.2–2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (2.5–4 mm diam.). |
3.3–4 cm diam.; hypanthium globose, 5–6.5 × 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular, neck (0–)0.5–1.5 × 2 mm; sepals spreading to erect, lanceolate, 11–20(–30) × (1.5–)3–4 mm, tip 3–7 × 0.5–1 mm, margins pinnatifid or entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous, stipitate-glandular or eglandular; petals single, rarely double, pink or rose, sometimes fading white, rarely white, 22–26 × 21–30 mm; stamens 120; carpels 26–43, styles exsert 1.5–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (3 mm diam.). |
||||
Hips | dark red, subglobose to broadly ovoid, ellipsoid, or pyriform, 10–25 × 7–22 mm, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular; sepals tardily deciduous, mostly erect. |
dull orange-red, globose, subglobose, or oblong, 10–11 × 7.5–13 mm, fleshy, glabrous, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular, neck 0–2 mm; sepals persistent, erect at hip maturity. |
||||
Achenes | 15–25, tan, 3.5–4(–5) × 2–2.5(–3) mm. |
basiparietal, 12–15, dark buff, ellipsoid, 4.5–5 × 2.5 mm. |
||||
2n | = 35, 42. |
= 28. |
||||
Rosa rubiginosa |
Rosa arkansana |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Rocky slopes, dry hillsides, prairies, bluffs, open woods, grassy roadsides | |||||
Elevation | 200–2100 m (700–6900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced widely worldwide]
|
AR; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NY; OH; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
|
||||
Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Rosa rubiginosa has been introduced throughout Canada and the United States except the desert southwest. Plants are compact, upright shrubs without rhizomes. Stems have stout, falcate infrastipular prickles mixed with internodal prickles, aciculi, and glandular setae. Leaflet blades are densely viscid-glandular with ripe apple scent and margins 2- or multi-serrate with stipitate glands. Rosa eglanteria Linnaeus is a formally rejected name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rosa arkansana is one of the more invasive indigenous roses in North America. Collections from Maine, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Ontario, Quebec, and Vermont, where nativity is unknown, are introductions that by and large are ephemeral. In other states where R. arkansana is native, disjunct populations may be either introduced or ephemeral, including those in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and north-central Texas in disturbed areas. It is indigenous from northeastern British Columbia to Manitoba, east to Ohio, western Missouri, northeastern New Mexico, and Colorado in prairies and plains, and within the eastern Rocky Mountains of the North American Prairies Province (A. Cronquist 1982). Rosa arkansana possibly arose from the diploid R. blanda and R. woodsii complex as an autopolyploid (S. Joly et al. 2006). It hybridizes with R. carolina; the hybrids are known as R. ×medioccidentis W. H. Lewis. The Chippewa use root infusions or decoctions of Rosa arkansana as anticonvulsants, to treat bleeding wounds, and as stimulants and tonics; Omahas (Nebraska) use roots as an eye medicine and petals as a perfume for hair oil (D. E. Moerman 1998). In a breeding program initiated by Agriculture-Canada to establish winter hardy roses for the Canadian prairies, the best results were obtained by crossing Rosa arkansana and, sometimes, R. spinosissima with floribundas and hybrid teas to produce new cultivars such as ‘Prairie Joy’ (L. M. Collicutt 1992) and ‘Winnipeg Parks’ (Collicutt 1992b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 90. | FNA vol. 9, p. 104. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Caninae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | R. alcea, R. arkansana var. suffulta, R. conjuncta, R. suffulta | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 2: 564. (1771) | Porter: in T. C. Porter and J. M. Coulter, Syn. Fl. Colorado, 38. (1874) | ||||
Web links |
|