Rosa pisocarpa |
Rosa spithamea |
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cluster rose, cluster wild rose, peafruit rose, swamp rose |
coast ground rose, dwarf rose, ground rose, Sonoma rose |
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Habit | Shrubs, loosely clustered or in dense thickets. | Subshrubs, forming open colonies. | ||||
Stems | ascending to erect, (2–)4–20(–25) dm, openly branched; bark ± glaucous when young, dark reddish brown or dull red with age outer layer may exfoliate as thin ash gray peel, glabrous; infrastipular prickles usually paired, erect, rarely curved, usually subulate, 2–10 × 2–4 mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles rare or absent. |
erect, 1–5(–10) dm, openly branched; bark dark reddish brown, glabrous; infrastipular prickles paired, erect to slightly curved, largest sometimes ± flattened, subulate, 2–8(–12) × 2–5 mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles absent or sparse to dense, mixed with aciculi, aciculi sometimes absent, stipitate-glandular or eglandular. |
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Leaves | 5–10(–13) cm; stipules 8–22 × 2–5 mm, auricles flared, 2–5 mm, margins usually entire, sometimes erose or lobed, finely ciliolate to ciliate, eglandular, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, sparsely stipitate-glandular or eglandular; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, glabrous or hairy hairs to 1 mm, sometimes stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 8–12 mm, blade elliptic-ovate, (15–)20–45(–60) × 9–16(–20) mm, widest at or below middle, membranous, base cuneate to obtuse, margins 1(–2)-serrate, teeth 12–22 per side, on distal 3/4–4/5 of margin, acute, eglandular, apex acute, sometimes obtuse, abaxial surfaces pale green, usually sparsely pubescent, eglandular, adaxial green, dull, glabrous, rarely puberulent. |
3–10 cm; stipules 6–15 × 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, auricles flared to ± erect, 1.5–6 mm, margins entire, stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets, usually glabrous, rarely finely hairy, stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 3–13 mm, blade ovate-elliptic, sometimes obovate-elliptic, 10–30 × 8–20 mm, membranous to ± leathery, base obtuse, margins ± 2-serrate, teeth 8–20 per side, acute to obtuse, gland-tipped, apex obtuse to ± truncate, abaxial surfaces pale green to green, glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy, sessile-glandular or eglandular, adaxial green, dull, rarely sparsely hairy. |
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Inflorescences | corymbs, sometimes panicles or solitary flowers, 1–12-flowered. |
corymbs, 1–10-flowered. |
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Pedicels | erect, sometimes recurved, slender, 10–22 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes finely puberulent, eglandular, rarely stipulate-glandular; bracts 2–3, lanceolate, 8–14 × 3–6 mm, margins entire, sometimes serrate, irregularly stipitate-glandular and/or erose, surfaces glabrous or pubescent, eglandular. |
erect, slender to stout, 2–15 mm, glabrous, rarely finely pubescent, stipitate-glandular, sometimes setose-glandular; bracts 1 or 2, lanceolate, 2–15 × 1.5–5 mm, margins entire, stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
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Flowers | 2.4–3.8 cm diam.; hypanthium ovoid-urceolate, 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, rarely setose, eglandular, neck (0–)0.5–1 × 2 mm; sepals spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 10–17 × 1.5–3 mm, tip 3–7(–10) × 1.5–2.5 mm, margins entire, abaxial surfaces sometimes puberulent, densely or sparsely stipitate-glandular, rarely eglandular; petals single, pink to deep pink, 12–18 × 10–18 mm; stamens 75; carpels 22–35, styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (1 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (3.5 mm diam.). |
2.5–3.8 cm diam.; hypanthium ± ovoid, 3–6 × 2.5–5 mm, glabrous, sparsely to densely stipitate- to setose-glandular, rarely eglandular, neck 0.5–1 × 2.5–4 mm; sepals spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 8–15 × 2.5–3.5 mm, tip 0–4 × 1.3 mm, margins entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous, stipitate-glandular; petals single, deep pink, 12–23 × 15 mm; carpels 15–30, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar orifice (2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (3.5 mm diam.). |
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Hips | scarlet, globose, sometimes subglobose or ovoid, 7–15 × 7–13 mm, fleshy, glabrous, eglandular, rarely setose- or stipitate-glandular, neck (0–)1–1.5 × 1.5–3.5 mm; sepals persistent, erect. |
scarlet, ± depressed-subglobose, 7–15 × 7–15 mm, fleshy, glabrous, sparsely to densely stipitate- to setose-glandular, rarely eglandular, neck 0.5–2 × 2–5 mm; sepals persistent, erect. |
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Achenes | basiparietal, 5–35, tan, 3–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
basiparietal, 4–17, cream to pale brown, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm. |
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2n | = 14, 28. |
= 14. |
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Rosa pisocarpa |
Rosa spithamea |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Edges and understory of chaparral and mixed forests, post-burn openings | |||||
Elevation | 200–2000 m (700–6600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The combination of miniature size and stipitate- to setose-glandular hips makes Rosa spithamea one of the more easily and reliably identified species in the genus, although the density of hypanthial glands can vary. The species occurs from Douglas County, Oregon, to San Luis Obispo County, California. Rosa spithamea is fire-adapted and blooms profusely only after fires or equivalent disturbances; at other times, it persists in the understory in a vegetative state. E. W. Erlanson (1934) referred to Rosa spithamea as tetraploid (2n = 28); twice in her key to R. spithamea she questioned that count. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 109. | FNA vol. 9, p. 118. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | R. granulata, R. sonomensis, R. spithamea var. sonomensis | |||||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 382. (1872) | S. Watson: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 2: 444. (1880) | ||||
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