Rosa nutkana |
Rosa nutkana subsp. macdougalii |
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bristly rose, Nootka rose, wild rose |
bristly Nootka rose, Macdougal's rose, Nootka rose, Spalding rose |
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Habit | Shrubs, loosely clustered or forming dense thickets. | Shrubs, openly branched. | ||||||||
Stems | erect or spreading, stout or lax, 4–25(–40) dm, densely or openly branched; bark dull reddish brown, older wood with gray exfoliate, glabrous; infrastipular prickles 0–2, erect, curved, or hooked, often flattened, stout, subulate, sometimes deltoid, (2–)3–15(–20) × 2–10(–15) mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles usually sparse or absent, smaller, mixed with aciculi, sometimes absent. |
(6–)10–25(–30) dm, internodes 5–6.5 cm; prickles (distal stems and fertile branches) usually absent, infrastipular rarely present, usually erect or subulate. |
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Leaves | (3–)5–12(–17) cm; stipules 12–20(–28) × 3–5(–10) mm, auricles flared, 3–6(–10) mm, margins sinuate or shallowly serrate, sparsely to ± densely stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets absent or sparse, glabrous or pubescent, sessile- or stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule (3–)5–17 mm, blade ovate, elliptic, or suborbiculate, rarely cordate or oblong, (14–)20–55(–63) × (6–)10–30(–40) mm, firm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins 1–2+-serrate, teeth 8–20 per side, often broad-based 2–4 mm, acute to obtuse, eglandular or gland-tipped, apex acute or obtuse, rarely acuminate, abaxial surfaces green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, eglandular or sessile-glandular, adaxial green, dull, glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | corymbs, 1–3(–9)-flowered. |
1–3(–9)-flowered. |
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Pedicels | erect or recurved, slender to stout, 10–20(–33) mm, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1 or 2(or 3), ovate, 13–20 × 4–9 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous, glandular or eglandular. |
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Flowers | (3.5–)4.5–7(–8.5) cm diam.; hypanthium globose to subglobose or ovoid, 4–10 × 5–8.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular, sometimes setose-glandular, neck (0–)0.5–1.5 × 3–6 mm; sepals spreading, lanceolate, 14–25(–35) × (2–)3–4 mm, tip 5–10(–20) × 1–3 mm, margins entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous or slightly hairy, stipitate-glandular and sessile-glandular or eglandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, (15–)20–32 × (15–)20–32 mm; stamens 100; carpels 28–58, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar orifice (2–2.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (5 mm diam.). |
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Hips | red, orange-red, or purplish red, globose, depressed-globose, ovoid, oblong, or urceolate, (8–)10–20(–24) × 10–20(+) mm, fleshy, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular or glandular, neck (0–)1–2 × (4–)5–8 mm; sepals persistent, erect, sometimes spreading. |
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Achenes | basiparietal, (1–)16–40, tan to dark tan, 4–6 × 2–4 mm. |
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Terminal | leaflet margins 1-serrate, teeth eglandular, abaxial surfaces eglandular. |
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Sepals | abaxial surfaces usually eglandular, rarely setose or stipitate-glandular at bases. |
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2n | = 42. |
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Rosa nutkana |
Rosa nutkana subsp. macdougalii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | |||||||||
Habitat | Rocky dry slopes, stream banks and bottoms, moist meadows, forest edges, sheltered slopes, roadside banks, fences | |||||||||
Elevation | 200–2300 m (700–7500 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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CA; CO; ID; MT; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC |
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Discussion | Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Rosa nutkana is a widespread, polymorphic, hexaploid species that occurs from coastal Alaska to northern California, and eastward in the Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico (W. H. Lewis and B. Ertter 2007). Flowers and hips are usually solitary and significantly larger than in most sympatric species, and sepal tips are usually conspicuously prolonged and expanded. Eglandular and stipitate-glandular or setose hips can occur in the same population. A presumed hybrid between subsp. nutkana (6x) and Rosa rugosa (2x) has been reported from Washington state. In Colorado, at the southeasternmost range of R. nutkana, a putative hybrid between subsp. melina and R. acicularis subsp. sayi has been recognized as R. ×engelmannii S. Watson. It is based on such intermediate characteristics as few infrastipular prickles with interspersed aciculi on distal stems and fertile branches, sparsely stipitate-glandular abaxial sepal surfaces, petioles and rachises with few pricklets, and blade margins 1- or multi-serrate. Among the Lillooet and Thompson tribes of southwestern British Columbia, Rosa nutkana is considered of high value for use in traditional medicine (N. J. Turner 1988). They do not distinguish R. acicularis and R. woodsii from R. nutkana and use them similarly; R. gymnocarpa is distinct in name and use. Root extracts of R. nutkana, probably subsp. nutkana, were found to be active against an enteric coronavirus in antiviral screening (A. R. McCutcheon et al. 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The interior subsp. macdougalii occurs primarily in forested areas in central British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington east of the Cascade Mountains to the northern Rocky Mountains, barely entering northern Utah and northwestern Colorado, mostly west of the continental divide. Shrubs are more openly branched and sparsely armed than those of subsp. nutkana, with eglandular, usually 1-serrate leaflets. Isolated populations from north-central California (including Rosa brownii Rydberg, an illegitimate name) have more uniformly ovate or obovate leaflets and more compact branches than in northern populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 112. | FNA vol. 9, p. 113. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa > Rosa nutkana | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | R. macdougalii, R. nutkana var. hispida, R. rainierensis, R. spaldingii | |||||||||
Name authority | C. Presl: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 563. (1851) | (Holzinger) Piper: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 335. (1906) | ||||||||
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