Rosa nutkana |
Rosa cinnamomea |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bristly rose, Nootka rose, wild rose |
cinnamon rose, rosier canelle |
|||||||||
Habit | Shrubs, loosely clustered or forming dense thickets. | Shrubs, forming dense thickets. | ||||||||
Stems | erect or spreading, stout or lax, 4–25(–40) dm, densely or openly branched; bark dull reddish brown, older wood with gray exfoliate, glabrous; infrastipular prickles 0–2, erect, curved, or hooked, often flattened, stout, subulate, sometimes deltoid, (2–)3–15(–20) × 2–10(–15) mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles usually sparse or absent, smaller, mixed with aciculi, sometimes absent. |
± flexuous, 10–20 dm, densely branched; bark dark red to brown, glabrous; infrastipular prickles paired, erect, sometimes curved, stout, 4–7 × 2.5–3 mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles absent, aciculi rare. |
||||||||
Leaves | (3–)5–12(–17) cm; stipules 12–20(–28) × 3–5(–10) mm, auricles flared, 3–6(–10) mm, margins sinuate or shallowly serrate, sparsely to ± densely stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets absent or sparse, glabrous or pubescent, sessile- or stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule (3–)5–17 mm, blade ovate, elliptic, or suborbiculate, rarely cordate or oblong, (14–)20–55(–63) × (6–)10–30(–40) mm, firm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins 1–2+-serrate, teeth 8–20 per side, often broad-based 2–4 mm, acute to obtuse, eglandular or gland-tipped, apex acute or obtuse, rarely acuminate, abaxial surfaces green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, eglandular or sessile-glandular, adaxial green, dull, glabrous. |
4–8 cm; stipules often convolute, 8–15 × 3–8 mm, auricles flared, (1.5–)3–5(–7) mm, margins entire or crenate, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, sometimes pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis without pricklets, pubescent, eglandular, sometimes sparsely or densely sessile-glandular; leaflets 5(–7), terminal: petiolule 4–9 mm, blade elliptic to ovate, 20–40 × 12–18 mm, membranous, margins 1-serrate, teeth 9–18 per side, eglandular or gland-tipped, apex acute, abaxial surfaces pale green, ± glaucous, pubescent (especially on veins) or glabrous, glandular, adaxial green, dull, sometimes sparsely pubescent. |
||||||||
Inflorescences | corymbs, 1–3(–9)-flowered. |
corymbs, 1 or 2(or 3)-flowered. |
||||||||
Pedicels | erect or recurved, slender to stout, 10–20(–33) mm, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1 or 2(or 3), ovate, 13–20 × 4–9 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous, glandular or eglandular. |
erect, slender, 7–17 mm, glabrous, eglandular; bracts 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to obovate, 6–15 × 6–10 mm, margins ciliate, stipitate-glandular, surfaces mostly pubescent, sometimes glabrous. |
||||||||
Flowers | (3.5–)4.5–7(–8.5) cm diam.; hypanthium globose to subglobose or ovoid, 4–10 × 5–8.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular, sometimes setose-glandular, neck (0–)0.5–1.5 × 3–6 mm; sepals spreading, lanceolate, 14–25(–35) × (2–)3–4 mm, tip 5–10(–20) × 1–3 mm, margins entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous or slightly hairy, stipitate-glandular and sessile-glandular or eglandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, (15–)20–32 × (15–)20–32 mm; stamens 100; carpels 28–58, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar orifice (2–2.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (5 mm diam.). |
3–5 cm diam.; hypanthium hemispheric, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, eglandular, neck absent; sepals spreading, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 18–25 × 2.5–4 mm, tip 5–8 × 1–2 mm, margins entire, rarely pinnatifid, lobes 1 or 2, abaxial surfaces pubescent, eglandular or sparsely sessile- or, rarely, stipitate-glandular; petals double, rarely single, pinkish purple, 9–15 × 9–11 mm; carpels 25–35, styles exsert 4 mm beyond stylar orifice (2.5–3 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (4–4.5 mm diam.). |
||||||||
Hips | red, orange-red, or purplish red, globose, depressed-globose, ovoid, oblong, or urceolate, (8–)10–20(–24) × 10–20(+) mm, fleshy, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular or glandular, neck (0–)1–2 × (4–)5–8 mm; sepals persistent, erect, sometimes spreading. |
scarlet, globose, 9–11 × 8–10 mm, fleshy, glabrous, eglandular, neck absent; sepals persistent, erect or spreading, hips rarely maturing. |
||||||||
Achenes | basiparietal, (1–)16–40, tan to dark tan, 4–6 × 2–4 mm. |
basal, 17, dark tan, 3–3.5 × 1.5 mm. |
||||||||
2n | = 14. |
|||||||||
Rosa nutkana |
Rosa cinnamomea |
|||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | |||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, old pastures, fencerows, fields, stream banks, near dwellings | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
|
CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; Asia (Japan, Siberia) [Introduced in North America] |
||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Rosa nutkana is a widespread, polymorphic, hexaploid species that occurs from coastal Alaska to northern California, and eastward in the Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico (W. H. Lewis and B. Ertter 2007). Flowers and hips are usually solitary and significantly larger than in most sympatric species, and sepal tips are usually conspicuously prolonged and expanded. Eglandular and stipitate-glandular or setose hips can occur in the same population. A presumed hybrid between subsp. nutkana (6x) and Rosa rugosa (2x) has been reported from Washington state. In Colorado, at the southeasternmost range of R. nutkana, a putative hybrid between subsp. melina and R. acicularis subsp. sayi has been recognized as R. ×engelmannii S. Watson. It is based on such intermediate characteristics as few infrastipular prickles with interspersed aciculi on distal stems and fertile branches, sparsely stipitate-glandular abaxial sepal surfaces, petioles and rachises with few pricklets, and blade margins 1- or multi-serrate. Among the Lillooet and Thompson tribes of southwestern British Columbia, Rosa nutkana is considered of high value for use in traditional medicine (N. J. Turner 1988). They do not distinguish R. acicularis and R. woodsii from R. nutkana and use them similarly; R. gymnocarpa is distinct in name and use. Root extracts of R. nutkana, probably subsp. nutkana, were found to be active against an enteric coronavirus in antiviral screening (A. R. McCutcheon et al. 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The double-flowered form of Rosa cinnamomea is often found in eastern North America, where hip formation and achene development are infrequent. The species is distinguished by its mostly convoluted stipules, abaxially glaucous leaflets, and basal achenes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 112. | FNA vol. 9, p. 97. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | C. Presl: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 563. (1851) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 491. (1753) | ||||||||
Web links |