Rosa minutifolia |
Rosa gallica |
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Baja rose, Ensenada rose, small-leaf rose |
apothecary rose, French rose, Gallic rose, Hungarian rose, officinal rose, rose of provence, rosier de france |
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Habit | Shrubs forming dense, low thickets. | |
Stems | usually erect, (3–)5–12(–15) dm; distal branches pubescent or glabrous, without stellate hairs; infrastipular prickles absent, internodal prickles sparse to common, erect, (2–)6–10(–12) × 1–3 mm, pubescent at least basally, mixed with dense aciculi, to 3 mm. |
distal branches green to dull red; prickles internodal, curved, sometimes erect, rarely hooked, declined, 3–7 × 2–5 mm. |
Leaves | 1.5–2.5 cm; stipules 3.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm, margins entire or dentate with glands, surfaces pubescent, eglandular, auricles acute, (0.5–)2–3 mm, surfaces pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis puberulent, stipitate glands and pricklets sparse; leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 1–4 mm, blade oval, suborbiculate, or obovate, 3–7 × 2–6 mm, margins deeply 1- or multi-lobed, usually glandular, teeth lobelike, (3 or)4 or 5(or 6) per side on distal 1/2 of blades, some multi-serrate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces pubescent (especially on veins), adaxial dull, sometimes pubescent. |
stipules subulate, 14–24 × 3–5 mm, auricles 4–10 mm, surfaces pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis with sparse pricklets, puberulent, densely stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5(–7), terminal blade slightly rugose, base obtuse to subcordate, margins shallowly 1(–2)-dentate-crenate, teeth 14–23 per side, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces pale, gray green, sessile-glandular particularly on midveins, adaxial bluish green or dark green. |
Inflorescences | 1(–3)-flowered. |
1–3(–8)-flowered. |
Pedicels | 2–9 mm, setae sparse, eglandular; bracts 1 or 2. |
bracts 1 or 2, caducous, lanceolate, 8–14 × 2–4 mm, margins ciliate, surfaces glabrous or pubescent, eglandular or stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | 2.5–3 cm diam.; hypanthium subglobose to globose, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, densely pubescent and setose; sepals spreading, 8–12 × 2–4 mm, tip 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, lobes 3–4, margins usually gland-tipped, abaxial surfaces pubescent, setae sparse, eglandular or sparsely glandular; petals usually pink to light rose pink, sometimes white, 10–15(–20) × 9–14 mm; stamens 45; carpels 10–25(–30), styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (2–4 mm diam.), rims 0.5–0.8 mm wide. |
hypanthium 5–7 × 3–5(–7) mm, neck (0–)1 × 3 mm; sepal tip 7 × 2 mm, erect or spreading; petals 27–35 × 20–30 mm [or larger]; styles exsert 2–4 mm beyond hypanthium orifice. |
Hips | dark reddish purple, subglobose, 5–7 × 5–7 mm, setae 1–4 mm, pubescent, eglandular. |
leathery. |
Achenes | 6–16, dark, ± terete-elongate, 3.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm. |
3, 5 × 4–5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Rosa minutifolia |
Rosa gallica |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Dry washes, brush, grasslands, sagebrush, rocky hillsides | Waste areas, roadside thickets, railways, former house sites |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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CT; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; NS; ON; QC; c Europe; s Europe; w Asia (Caucasus, Iraq) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Oaxaca), Central America, South America, w Europe (Guernsey), s Africa, Australia]
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. Rosa minutifolia was first collected in the United States in 1985 (San Diego County; G. A. Levin 1986). Before being extirpated by a development project, the single population was re-established in a nearby protected site, where the transplants are reportedly doing well (C. Burrascano, pers. comm.). Existence of R. minutifolia in the United States remains of conservation concern. Although common where found in coastal scrub of Baja California, Mexico, the habitat there is considered threatened by development. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rosa ×centifolia Linnaeus (cabbage rose), long cultivated with about 500 ornamental cultivars known, is a probable hybrid of R. gallica × R. ×moschata Herrmann; it is not known to produce seed (P. V. Heath 1992). A. Bruneau et al. (2007) found that plastid DNA markers of R. gallica and R. ×centifolia are identical, indicating that R. gallica is the maternal parent. Rosa damascena Miller (Damask rose) also is close to R. ×centifolia and is thought to have the same parentage; if this proves true, then R. ×centifolia is the earlier name. Rosa gallica is used as a tonic, mild astringent, and eye wash, and to treat bowel complaints and excessive mucous discharges. Petals of the closely related R. ×centifolia are collected for the distillation of ‘rose water,’ a laxative used also to treat infantile diseases (J. Lindley 1838). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 79. | FNA vol. 9, p. 88. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Hesperhodos > sect. Minutifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Gallicae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hesperhodos minutifolius | |
Name authority | Engelmann: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9: 97. (1882) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 492. (1753) |
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