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Cherokee rose

red-leaf rose, rosier glauque

Habit Shrubs, erect and tall.
Stems

distal branches dark brown to purplish red;

infrastipular prickles paired, internodal prickles paired or single, reddish brown, rarely deltate or erect, 6–9 × 6–11 mm.

± flexuous, erect, to 20 dm, sparsely branched, distal branches and leaves glaucous, with purplish bloom;

bark becoming red-brown, glabrous;

infrastipular prickles absent, internodal prickles sparse or absent, aciculi absent or erect, curved, or declined, subulate, 2–5 × 1.5–4.5 mm, base mostly broad, eglandular.

Leaves

stipules 4–6 × 1–2 mm, auricles 5–7(–10) mm, surfaces glabrous;

petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, glabrous, eglandular;

leaflets: terminal larger than laterals, base cuneate, margins 1-serrate, teeth 20–30 per side, tipped with dark glands, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surfaces usually with pricklets on midveins.

6–10.5 cm;

stipules 13–16 × 1.5–2 mm, auricles flared, 2.5–5 mm, margins entire, eglandular or sparsely gland-fringed, surfaces glabrous, eglandular;

petiole and rachis usually with pricklets, glabrous, eglandular;

leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 10–20 mm, blade narrowly elliptic to ovate, 20–45 × 15–25 mm, leathery, base cuneate, sometimes rounded, margins 1-serrate, eglandular or few gland-tipped, teeth 12–18 per side, eglandular, apex acute, abaxial surfaces pale green, sometimes dull red, glaucous, glabrous, eglandular, adaxial green-red or purplish, glaucous, dull, glabrous.

Inflorescences

corymbs, rarely panicles, 1–5-flowered.

Pedicels

densely setose;

bracts attached near base, lanceolate, 5 × 2–3 mm, margins not ciliate, surfaces glabrous, eglandular.

erect, slender, (10–)15–25 mm, glabrous, stipitate-glandular;

bracts 1 or 2, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 8–23 × 3–6 mm, margins entire, eglandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular.

Flowers

1(or 2);

hypanthium 5–9 × 4–6 mm, densely setose, setae 2–3 mm, some gland-tipped;

sepal tip 5–10 × 2 mm;

petals 25–35 × 25–30 mm;

styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond hypanthium orifice.

2–3 cm diam.;

hypanthium narrowly ovoid, 5.5–7 × 3.5–5.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular, neck purplish, absent or 1 × 2 mm;

sepals spreading, lanceolate, 15–25 × 1.5–2 mm, tip 10–15 × 1 mm, margins entire, sometimes pinnatifid, abaxial surfaces glabrous, mostly stipitate-glandular;

petals single, deep pink to crimson-red, sometimes white basally, 8–14 × 5–6 mm;

carpels 30–32, styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.5–2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (3 mm diam.).

Hips

leathery, base elongate, 7–12 mm, neck 1–2 × 6–9 mm.

dark brownish red to crimson red, globose, ovoid, or obovoid, 10–13 × 9–11 mm, fleshy, glabrous, eglandular, neck absent;

sepals deciduous as hips mature, erect to spreading.

Achenes

20–30, light tan, 6–8 × 3–4 mm.

basiparietal, 15–23, light tan to tan, 4–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 28.

Rosa laevigata

Rosa glauca

Phenology Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Jun. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Swamp edges, pastures, fence and hedge rows, abandoned fields, roadsides, pine barrens, disturbed areas Roadsides, wastelands, neglected areas
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Madeira), Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; IL; MA; ME; MN; NY; SC; NB; NF; NS; QC; c Europe; s Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in n Europe]
Discussion

By the nineteenth century, Rosa laevigata was widely found in the southern United States as a hedging shrub, being commonly distributed by stem cuttings and rhizomes, representing relatively few clones (C. A. Walker 1996; Walker and D. J. Werner 1997). The species was named and described from plants collected in Georgia in the 1790s by A. Michaux, who was unaware that his newly discovered species was native to Asia. This suggests a very old introduction into the United States, where it occurs only in the southeast to eastern Texas and the Carolinas. Shrubs form dense, rhizomatous thickets with stems capable of climbing to 100 dm. Leaves are persistent and leathery with mostly three leaflets and stipules free for most of their lengths, then caducous. Inflorescences consist of one (rarely two) white-petaled flowers and have densely setose hypanthia and hips.

In China, where the species is considered one of the most beautiful and cherished of roses, Rosa laevigata has a long history of use by herbal practitioners to treat bronchitis, dysentery, and urogenital disorders, and to restore hair color (J. A. Duke and E. S. Ayensu 1985, vol. 2).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rosa glauca, included by A. Rehder (1940) in sect. Caninae, belongs in sect. Rosa (I. Klášterský 1968).

Rosa glauca is an infrequent introduction to the flora area from the mountains of Europe. As its garden cultivation increases, the species will continue to spread and become naturalized. The following collection label is a perfect illustration: W. A. Weber 15003 (COLO, NY), 19 June 1973, at Boulder, Colorado, found at the bottom of Gregory Gulch at West end of Baseline Rd., north slopes at base of talus slides, 2000 m, thoroughly naturalized cultivar, probably spread by jays from adjacent city. The shrubs usually produce abundant hips and achenes as well as rhizomatous shoots; once established the plants reproduce vegetatively and sexually.

Rosa glauca consists of erect shrubs reaching 20 dm; more or less flexuous stems and glaucous distal branches have a purplish bloom with sparse or no broad-based internodal prickles. Leaflet blades are glaucous abaxially and often crimson-red; adaxially, blades are purplish-glaucous.

The taxonomic affiliation of the name Rosa ferruginea Villars is uncertain.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 87. FNA vol. 9, p. 98.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Laevigatae Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa
Sibling taxa
R. acicularis, R. arkansana, R. blanda, R. bracteata, R. bridgesii, R. californica, R. canina, R. carolina, R. cinnamomea, R. foliolosa, R. gallica, R. glauca, R. gymnocarpa, R. lucieae, R. minutifolia, R. mollis, R. multiflora, R. nitida, R. nutkana, R. palustris, R. pinetorum, R. pisocarpa, R. rubiginosa, R. rugosa, R. setigera, R. sherardii, R. spinosissima, R. spithamea, R. stellata, R. tomentosa, R. virginiana, R. woodsii
R. acicularis, R. arkansana, R. blanda, R. bracteata, R. bridgesii, R. californica, R. canina, R. carolina, R. cinnamomea, R. foliolosa, R. gallica, R. gymnocarpa, R. laevigata, R. lucieae, R. minutifolia, R. mollis, R. multiflora, R. nitida, R. nutkana, R. palustris, R. pinetorum, R. pisocarpa, R. rubiginosa, R. rugosa, R. setigera, R. sherardii, R. spinosissima, R. spithamea, R. stellata, R. tomentosa, R. virginiana, R. woodsii
Synonyms R. cherokeensis R. rubrifolia
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 295. (1803) Pourret: Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 326. (1788)
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