Rosa canina |
Rosa tomentosa |
|
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dog rose, rosier des chiens |
harsh downy-rose, whitewoolly rose |
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Habit | Shrubs, arching, not rhizomatous. | Shrubs, climbing; rhizomatous or not. |
Stems | usually erect to sprawling, 10–25(–50) dm; distal branches arching, bark green; infrastipular prickles paired, curved or appressed, 6–7 × 4–9 mm, lengths ± uniform, internodal prickles rare, single, rarely absent. |
arching, 7–20(–30) dm, internodes long; distal branches spreading, bark pale green; infrastipular prickles single or paired, curved or ± erect, 3–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm, lengths ± uniform, internodal prickles sometimes mostly smaller, with aciculi, rarely absent. |
Leaves | deciduous, 6–11 cm; stipules 10–22 × 3–5 mm, auricles 3–5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular or eglandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, glabrous, eglandular; leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 5–11 mm, blade ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 15–40 × 12–20 mm, base obtuse to slightly cuneate, margins 1- or multi-serrate, teeth 20–30 per side, apex acute, sometimes acuminate, abaxial surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent or tomentose on midveins, eglandular, adaxial dark green to green, lustrous to dull, glabrous, rarely tomentose. |
deciduous, 5–7.5(–11) cm; stipules 10–16(–20) × 3–4 mm, auricles 2–5 mm, margins densely glandular-ciliate, surfaces tomentose, often glandular abaxially; petiole and rachis with sparse pricklets, tomentulose, glandular; leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 6–8 mm, blade orbiculate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 15–30(–60) × 8–22(–50) mm, base obtuse, margins 1- or multi-serrate, teeth 13–20 per side, apex acute, abaxial surfaces tomentose, usually resinous-glandular, glands resin-scented, adaxial pale or grayish green, dull, glabrous or pubescent. |
Inflorescences | panicles, sometimes corymbs, solitary, sometimes 2 or 3(–7)-flowered. |
panicles, 1–6-flowered. |
Pedicels | erect to reflexed as hips mature, 8–20 mm, eglandular or stipitate-glandular; bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate, 6–18 × 4–5 mm, margins glandular-serrate, abaxial surfaces puberulent, adaxial surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
erect, (11–)20–35 mm, densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate, 13–14 × 5–7 mm, margins ciliate-glandular, surfaces tomentose, glandular or eglandular. |
Flowers | 3.5–5 cm diam.; hypanthium narrowly urceolate, 7–9 × 3–6 mm, eglandular, neck 2–3 × 1–2 mm; sepals appressed-reflexed, spreading, or erect, ovate-lanceolate, 10–17 × 3–5 mm, margins deeply pinnatifid, tip 4–6 × 0.5 mm, abaxially eglandular; petals rose, pink, or white, sweet-scented, 18–25 × 15–18 mm; carpels 26–36, styles villous, exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (0.7–1.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (4–5 mm diam.). |
3.5–5 cm diam.; hypanthium ovoid, 6–7 × 4 mm, stipitate-glandular, setose, rarely eglandular, neck 1.5 × 2 mm; sepals spreading or erect, ovate-lanceolate, 15–25 × 2–3 mm, margins pinnatifid, tip 4–5 × 1–1.5 mm, abaxially densely stipitate-glandular; petals pink, rarely white, 8–15 × 10–15 mm; carpels 26–34, styles glabrous or villous, exsert 2–2.5 mm beyond stylar orifice (1 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (2–4 mm diam.). |
Hips | red, globose, ovoid, urceolate, or ellipsoid, 10–16(–24) × 6–16 mm, glabrous, eglandular; sepals deciduous as hips mature, reflexed. |
dark red, oblong, ovoid, or globose, 10–15 × 10–12 mm, glabrous, stipitate-glandular at least proximally, neck 1 × 5–6 mm; sepals deciduous after anthesis, spreading or reflexed. |
Achenes | 14–23, tan, 5–6 × 3–3.5 mm. |
ca. 23, tan, 4–4.5 × 2 mm. |
2n | = 35. |
= 35. |
Rosa canina |
Rosa tomentosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Foothills, woodlands, along roads and railways, abandoned homesteads, riparian habitats | Roadside thickets, hedgerows, woodland edges |
Elevation | 0–700 m [0–2300 ft] | 0–300 m [0–1000 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; ID; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NE; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC; Europe; wc Asia (Turkmenistan); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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NC; NY; TN; TX; VT; PE; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Rosa canina occurs sporadically throughout Canada and the United States in disturbed areas. Shrubs lack rhizomes and have arching stems with paired or single curved infrastipular prickles all more or less uniform in length. Sepals (abaxially), stipules, petioles, rachises, pedicels, blades (abaxially, except some veins), hypanthia, and hips are all glabrous and most are also eglandular. W. J. Bean (1970–1988) cited Rosa canina var. corymbifera (Borkhousen) Rouy, R. canina var. dumetorum (Thuillier) Baker, and R. dumetorum as synonyms of R. corymbifera, and that treatment is followed here. Moderate evidence exists for the efficacy of powdered achenes and hip receptacles of Rosa canina to treat patients suffering from osteoarthritis, specifically of the knee and hip (K. Winther et al. 2005; C. Chrubasik et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
A rare introduction from Europe, Rosa tomentosa was reported by P. A. Rydberg (1918) from North Carolina and Texas and collected by Fernald (GH) in Queens County, Prince Edward Island. The species is also reported to occur in disturbed areas in New York, Tennessee, and Vermont (USDA PLANTS database). Whether the species has persisted at any of these occurrences is unknown; it is not currently included in the flora of Canada (H. G. Scoggan 1978–1979; VASCAN). Rosa tomentosa is best recognized by its climbing habit, leaflets that are abaxially, and sometimes adaxially, tomentose or pubescent, and relatively long petioles. Sepals are spreading or reflexed after anthesis and deciduous when hips mature. Prickles are usually erect, and the stylar orifices are small (1 mm diam.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 90. | FNA vol. 9, p. 92. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. corymbifera, R. dumetorum, R. montezumae | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 491. (1753) | Smith: Fl. Brit. 2: 539. (1800) |
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