Rosa canina |
Rosa subg. Rosa |
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dog rose, rosier des chiens |
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Habit | Shrubs, arching, not rhizomatous. | |
Stems | usually erect to sprawling, 10–25(–50) dm; distal branches arching, bark green; infrastipular prickles paired, curved or appressed, 6–7 × 4–9 mm, lengths ± uniform, internodal prickles rare, single, rarely absent. |
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Leaves | deciduous, 6–11 cm; stipules 10–22 × 3–5 mm, auricles 3–5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular or eglandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, glabrous, eglandular; leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 5–11 mm, blade ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 15–40 × 12–20 mm, base obtuse to slightly cuneate, margins 1- or multi-serrate, teeth 20–30 per side, apex acute, sometimes acuminate, abaxial surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent or tomentose on midveins, eglandular, adaxial dark green to green, lustrous to dull, glabrous, rarely tomentose. |
(2–)3.5–15(–18) cm; leaflets 3–11(–13), margins usually serrate, rarely deeply incised or broadly crenate, terminal: petiolule (1–)5–20(–40) mm, blade elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, suborbiculate, obovate, and/or cordate, base not cuneate. |
Inflorescences | panicles, sometimes corymbs, solitary, sometimes 2 or 3(–7)-flowered. |
corymbs or panicles, commonly solitary or few, 1–16(–50)-flowered. |
Pedicels | erect to reflexed as hips mature, 8–20 mm, eglandular or stipitate-glandular; bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate, 6–18 × 4–5 mm, margins glandular-serrate, abaxial surfaces puberulent, adaxial surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
bracts present (absent in sect. Pimpinellifoliae). |
Flowers | 3.5–5 cm diam.; hypanthium narrowly urceolate, 7–9 × 3–6 mm, eglandular, neck 2–3 × 1–2 mm; sepals appressed-reflexed, spreading, or erect, ovate-lanceolate, 10–17 × 3–5 mm, margins deeply pinnatifid, tip 4–6 × 0.5 mm, abaxially eglandular; petals rose, pink, or white, sweet-scented, 18–25 × 15–18 mm; carpels 26–36, styles villous, exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (0.7–1.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (4–5 mm diam.). |
hypanthium globose to depressed-globose, ovoid, oblong, or urceolate, rarely cupulate, obovoid, or hemispheric, glabrous, rarely setose, eglandular or stipitate-glandular; carpels 3–35(–68), styles free or connate, pubescent, sometimes glabrous, stylar orifice 0.5–3(–5) mm diam., rims 0.5 mm wide, hypanthial disc flat or conic. |
Hips | red, globose, ovoid, urceolate, or ellipsoid, 10–16(–24) × 6–16 mm, glabrous, eglandular; sepals deciduous as hips mature, reflexed. |
fleshy, rarely leathery, ± setose or not. |
Achenes | 14–23, tan, 5–6 × 3–3.5 mm. |
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2n | = 35. |
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Rosa canina |
Rosa subg. Rosa |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |
Habitat | Foothills, woodlands, along roads and railways, abandoned homesteads, riparian habitats | |
Elevation | 0–700 m [0–2300 ft] | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; ID; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NE; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC; Europe; wc Asia (Turkmenistan); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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North America; Mexico; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced widely worldwide] |
Discussion | Rosa canina occurs sporadically throughout Canada and the United States in disturbed areas. Shrubs lack rhizomes and have arching stems with paired or single curved infrastipular prickles all more or less uniform in length. Sepals (abaxially), stipules, petioles, rachises, pedicels, blades (abaxially, except some veins), hypanthia, and hips are all glabrous and most are also eglandular. W. J. Bean (1970–1988) cited Rosa canina var. corymbifera (Borkhousen) Rouy, R. canina var. dumetorum (Thuillier) Baker, and R. dumetorum as synonyms of R. corymbifera, and that treatment is followed here. Moderate evidence exists for the efficacy of powdered achenes and hip receptacles of Rosa canina to treat patients suffering from osteoarthritis, specifically of the knee and hip (K. Winther et al. 2005; C. Chrubasik et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 135 (31 in the flora). Subgenus Rosa includes seven sections, all represented in the flora area, five only by introduced species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 90. | FNA vol. 9, p. 82. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. corymbifera, R. dumetorum, R. montezumae | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 491. (1753) | unknown |
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