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dog rose, rosier des chiens

Habit Shrubs, arching, not rhizomatous. Shrubs, compact, usually forming thickets; rhizomatous, rhizomes absent or relatively short.
Stems

usually erect to sprawling, 10–25(–50) dm;

distal branches arching, bark green;

infrastipular prickles paired, curved or appressed, 6–7 × 4–9 mm, lengths ± uniform, internodal prickles rare, single, rarely absent.

erect, arching, or spreading, 7–30(–50) dm;

distal branches glabrous, eglandular;

infrastipular prickles paired or single, curved or appressed, rarely erect, flattened, stout, internodal prickles rare, smaller, or aciculi, sometimes absent.

Leaves

deciduous, 6–11 cm;

stipules 10–22 × 3–5 mm, auricles 3–5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular or eglandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular;

petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, glabrous, eglandular;

leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 5–11 mm, blade ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 15–40 × 12–20 mm, base obtuse to slightly cuneate, margins 1- or multi-serrate, teeth 20–30 per side, apex acute, sometimes acuminate, abaxial surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent or tomentose on midveins, eglandular, adaxial dark green to green, lustrous to dull, glabrous, rarely tomentose.

deciduous, rarely persistent, 4–11(–18) cm, membranous to leathery;

stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, auricles flared, margins entire, rarely slightly crenate, sometimes densely glandular-ciliate, stipitate-glandular or eglandular;

leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 5–17(–40) mm, blade ovate, obovate, orbiculate, or elliptic, sometimes oval or ovate-lanceolate, 10–45(–65) × 8–30(–50) mm, abaxial surfaces pubescent or tomentose (sometimes on midveins) or glabrous, eglandular or glandular, with or without resinous glands, adaxial pale, light, or dark green, sometimes glaucous, lustrous to dull, tomentulose or pubescent, sometimes glabrous.

Inflorescences

panicles, sometimes corymbs, solitary, sometimes 2 or 3(–7)-flowered.

panicles, sometimes corymbs, 1–4(–7)-flowered.

Pedicels

erect to reflexed as hips mature, 8–20 mm, eglandular or stipitate-glandular;

bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate, 6–18 × 4–5 mm, margins glandular-serrate, abaxial surfaces puberulent, adaxial surfaces glabrous, eglandular.

erect or reflexed, stout, (5–)11–20(–35) mm, glabrous, eglandular or stipitate-glandular;

bracts persistent, 1 or 2, margins glandular-serrate or stipitate- or ciliate-glandular.

Flowers

3.5–5 cm diam.;

hypanthium narrowly urceolate, 7–9 × 3–6 mm, eglandular, neck 2–3 × 1–2 mm;

sepals appressed-reflexed, spreading, or erect, ovate-lanceolate, 10–17 × 3–5 mm, margins deeply pinnatifid, tip 4–6 × 0.5 mm, abaxially eglandular;

petals rose, pink, or white, sweet-scented, 18–25 × 15–18 mm;

carpels 26–36, styles villous, exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (0.7–1.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (4–5 mm diam.).

2.5–5 cm diam.;

hypanthium globose, ovoid, obovoid, oblong, or urceolate, glabrous, usually eglandular, base sometimes stipitate- or setose-glandular;

sepals persistent or deciduous, appressed-reflexed, spreading, or erect, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 10–25 × 2–5 mm, margins (outer) often deeply pinnatifid, abaxial surfaces glabrous, eglandular, densely glandular, or stipitate-glandular;

petals single, pink or rose, rarely white;

carpels 25–65, styles free, lanate or villous, rarely glabrous, stylar orifice 1–2.5(–3.5) mm diam., hypanthial disc flat or conic, 2–5 mm diam.

Hips

red, globose, ovoid, urceolate, or ellipsoid, 10–16(–24) × 6–16 mm, glabrous, eglandular;

sepals deciduous as hips mature, reflexed.

red to purplish or orange, globose, depressed-globose, obovoid, ovoid, oblong, urceolate, ellipsoid, or pyriform, 10–25 × 6–22 mm, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular or stipitate-glandular;

sepals deciduous or persistent, spreading, reflexed, or erect.

Achenes

14–23, tan, 5–6 × 3–3.5 mm.

basiparietal.

2n

= 35.

Rosa canina

Rosa sect. Caninae

Phenology Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Foothills, woodlands, along roads and railways, abandoned homesteads, riparian habitats
Elevation 0–700 m [0–2300 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; ID; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NE; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC; Europe; wc Asia (Turkmenistan); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
Discussion

Rosa canina occurs sporadically throughout Canada and the United States in disturbed areas. Shrubs lack rhizomes and have arching stems with paired or single curved infrastipular prickles all more or less uniform in length. Sepals (abaxially), stipules, petioles, rachises, pedicels, blades (abaxially, except some veins), hypanthia, and hips are all glabrous and most are also eglandular.

W. J. Bean (1970–1988) cited Rosa canina var. corymbifera (Borkhousen) Rouy, R. canina var. dumetorum (Thuillier) Baker, and R. dumetorum as synonyms of R. corymbifera, and that treatment is followed here.

Moderate evidence exists for the efficacy of powdered achenes and hip receptacles of Rosa canina to treat patients suffering from osteoarthritis, specifically of the knee and hip (K. Winther et al. 2005; C. Chrubasik et al. 2006).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 20 (5 in the flora).

All species of sect. Caninae are polyploid, mostly pentaploid (2n = 35), but also triploid (2n = 21) and tetraploid (2n = 28) or all three polyploid levels for a single species, with a hemisexual, matroclinal (maternal) reproduction unlike that known for any other flowering plant (H. Nybom et al. 2000). In addition, unknown elsewhere in Rosa, apomixis appears to occur to a limited extent among Caninae species, which complicates further their reproductive anomaly (G. Werlemark 2000). Even though over 350 taxa have been described in the section, the relatively few species now recognized are highly complex groups of microspecies, and the authors agree with the editors of W. J. Bean (1970–1988, vol. 4) that no attempt should be made in modern floristic works to take account of every character-state combination. Further, those editors believed that the species of Caninae are cryptohybrids, that is, they are all products of ancient hybridizations between species that no longer exist, at least not in their primitive states.

In addition to the species treated here, Rosa obtusifolia Desvaux is marginally naturalized in California, New Mexico, and Virginia; it differs from R. canina in having hairy leaflets that are usually glandular abaxially.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Sepals abaxially eglandular; prickle lengths ± uniform; leaflets abaxially glabrous, rarely pubescent or tomentose on midveins, eglandular; bracts 6–18 × 4–5 mm, surfaces glabrous.
R. canina
1. Sepals abaxially densely glandular or stipitate-glandular; prickle lengths varying or ± uniform; leaflets abaxially usually tomentose, rarely glabrous or pubescent, usually glandular; bracts 13–21 × 4–7 mm, surfaces usually tomentose, rarely glabrous or pubescent
→ 2
2. Leaflets abaxially usually densely viscid-glandular, glabrous or pubescent, glands with ripe apple scent; prickles curved or falcate.
R. rubiginosa
2. Leaflets abaxially usually resinous-glandular, tomentose, glands resin-scented; prickles all erect or some curved
→ 3
3. Hips: sepals spreading or reflexed, deciduous after anthesis; stylar orifices 1 mm diam.
R. tomentosa
3. Hips: sepals usually erect, persistent after anthesis; stylar orifices 2.5–3.5 mm diam
→ 4
4. Stipules 10–14 × 3–5 mm, auricles 3–4 mm; bracts 16–21 mm; sepals lanceolate, 15–20 × 3–3.5 mm; stylar orifices 2.5 mm diam.
R. sherardii
4. Stipules 15–20 × 5–10 mm, auricles 5–8 mm; bracts 10–12 mm; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 20–25 × (4–)5 mm; stylar orifices 3.5 mm diam.
R. mollis
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 90. FNA vol. 9, p. 89.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Caninae Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa
Sibling taxa
R. acicularis, R. arkansana, R. blanda, R. bracteata, R. bridgesii, R. californica, R. carolina, R. cinnamomea, R. foliolosa, R. gallica, R. glauca, R. gymnocarpa, R. laevigata, R. lucieae, R. minutifolia, R. mollis, R. multiflora, R. nitida, R. nutkana, R. palustris, R. pinetorum, R. pisocarpa, R. rubiginosa, R. rugosa, R. setigera, R. sherardii, R. spinosissima, R. spithamea, R. stellata, R. tomentosa, R. virginiana, R. woodsii
Subordinate taxa
R. canina, R. mollis, R. rubiginosa, R. sherardii, R. tomentosa
Synonyms R. corymbifera, R. dumetorum, R. montezumae
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 491. (1753) de Candolle ex Seringe: Mus. Helv. Bot. 1: 3. (1818)
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