Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa teres |
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bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress |
southern marsh yellowcress |
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Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Annuals or, rarely, biennials; puberulent, at least proximally, or glabrous, (some trichomes clavate to hemispherical, vesicular). | ||||
Stems | (often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally). |
(simple or several from base), usually prostrate or decumbent, rarely erect, branched distally, 1–4 dm, (glabrous or pubescent, trichomes vesicular). |
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Basal leaves | rosulate; blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. |
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Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
shortly petiolate; blade oblong, oblanceolate to obovate, or lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong to ovate), (2–)3.5–10(–13.5) cm × 10–40(–53) mm, base auriculate or not, margins usually pinnatifid to pinnatisect, rarely 2-pinnatifid, (lateral lobes) dentate to crenate or sinuate, (surfaces glabrous or adaxially pubescent, trichomes vesicular). |
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Racemes | often considerably elongated. |
elongated. |
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Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; median filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow, spatulate, 1–2 × 0.4–0.7 mm; median filaments 1.2–1.7 mm; anthers ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm. |
ascending to horizontal, straight or curved-ascending, (1.5–)2.3–4.7(–5.3) mm. |
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Fruits | usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm; ovules 20–90 per ovary; style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm. |
siliques, straight or curved, linear to oblong-linear, 8–14(–21) × 1–2.5 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent; ovules (100–)150–210 per ovary; style (0.2–)0.5–1.1 mm. |
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Seeds | biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate. |
biseriate, reddish brown, cordiform, 0.4–0.5 mm, foveolate. |
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Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa teres |
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Phenology | Flowering Dec–May. | |||||
Habitat | Wet areas, muddy grounds, edges of canals and ditches, sandy fields, margins of ponds, streamsides, peat | |||||
Elevation | 0-600 m (0-2000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua)
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 501. | FNA vol. 7, p. 505. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris | Cardamine teres, Erysimum walteri, Nasturtium micropetalum, Nasturtium obtusum, Nasturtium palustre var. tanacetifolium, Nasturtium tanacetifolium, Nasturtium walteri, R. obtusa, R. teres var. rollinsii, R. walteri, Sisymbrium teres, Sisymbrium walteri | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | (Michaux) Stuckey: Sida 2: 409. (1966) | ||||
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