Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa sylvestris |
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bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress |
creeping yellow-cress, keek, shore yellow-cress, yellow fieldcress |
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Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. | ||||
Stems | (often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally). |
prostrate, decumbent, ascending, or suberect, branched mainly basally, (0.5–)1.5–8(–10) dm. |
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Basal leaves | rosulate; blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
not rosulate; similar to cauline. |
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Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
petiolate, or (distal) often subsessile; blade deeply pinnatisect, (lobes 3–6 on each side, sublinear, lanceolate, oblong, elliptic, or ovate), (2–)3.5–15(–20) cm × (7–)10–45(–60) mm, base usually not auriculate, rarely minutely auriculate, margins dentate, serrate, subentire, or (distally) pinnatisect, (lobes 1–3 on each side). |
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Racemes | often considerably elongated. |
elongated. |
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Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; median filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals ascending or spreading, oblong, 1.8–3(–3.5) × 0.7–1.5 mm; petals yellow, spatulate or obovate, (2.2–)2.8–5.5(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm; median filaments (1.5–)1.8–3.5(–4) mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm. |
divaricate, straight, (3–)4–10(–12) mm. |
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Fruits | usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm; ovules 20–90 per ovary; style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm. |
siliques, straight, usually linear, rarely oblong-linear, 10–20(–25) × (0.7–)1–1.3(–1.6) mm; valves glabrous; ovules 24–80 per ovary; style 0.5–1(–1.5) mm. |
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Seeds | biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate. |
(rarely produced), usually uniseriate, rarely sub-biseriate, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.5–0.9 mm (0.4–0.5 mm diam.), colliculate. |
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2n | = 32, 40, 48. |
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Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa sylvestris |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Along ditches, damp areas, shores of ponds and lakes, sandy beaches, waste grounds, ditches, wet roadsides, meadows, washes, fields, gardens | |||||
Elevation | 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
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AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NB; NF; ON; PE; QC; Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America]
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 501. | FNA vol. 7, p. 505. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris | Sisymbrium sylvestre, Brachiolobos sylvestris, Nasturtium sylvestre, Radicula sylvestris | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | ||||
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