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bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress

creeping yellow-cress, keek, shore yellow-cress, yellow fieldcress

Habit Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Stems

(often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally).

prostrate, decumbent, ascending, or suberect, branched mainly basally, (0.5–)1.5–8(–10) dm.

Basal leaves

rosulate;

blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute).

not rosulate;

similar to cauline.

Cauline leaves

petiolate or subsessile;

blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute).

petiolate, or (distal) often subsessile;

blade deeply pinnatisect, (lobes 3–6 on each side, sublinear, lanceolate, oblong, elliptic, or ovate), (2–)3.5–15(–20) cm × (7–)10–45(–60) mm, base usually not auriculate, rarely minutely auriculate, margins dentate, serrate, subentire, or (distally) pinnatisect, (lobes 1–3 on each side).

Racemes

often considerably elongated.

elongated.

Flowers

sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm;

petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm;

median filaments 1–2.5 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

sepals ascending or spreading, oblong, 1.8–3(–3.5) × 0.7–1.5 mm;

petals yellow, spatulate or obovate, (2.2–)2.8–5.5(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm;

median filaments (1.5–)1.8–3.5(–4) mm;

anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm.

divaricate, straight, (3–)4–10(–12) mm.

Fruits

usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm;

ovules 20–90 per ovary;

style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm.

siliques, straight, usually linear, rarely oblong-linear, 10–20(–25) × (0.7–)1–1.3(–1.6) mm;

valves glabrous;

ovules 24–80 per ovary;

style 0.5–1(–1.5) mm.

Seeds

biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate.

(rarely produced), usually uniseriate, rarely sub-biseriate, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.5–0.9 mm (0.4–0.5 mm diam.), colliculate.

2n

= 32, 40, 48.

Rorippa palustris

Rorippa sylvestris

Phenology Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Along ditches, damp areas, shores of ponds and lakes, sandy beaches, waste grounds, ditches, wet roadsides, meadows, washes, fields, gardens
Elevation 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NB; NF; ON; PE; QC; Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems and abaxial leaf blade surfaces usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent proximally.
subsp. palustris
1. Stems and abaxial leaf blades surfaces often densely hirsute.
subsp. hispida
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 501. FNA vol. 7, p. 505.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa
Sibling taxa
R. alpina, R. amphibia, R. aquatica, R. austriaca, R. barbareifolia, R. calycina, R. columbiae, R. crystallina, R. curvipes, R. curvisiliqua, R. dubia, R. indica, R. microtitis, R. ramosa, R. sessiliflora, R. sinuata, R. sphaerocarpa, R. subumbellata, R. sylvestris, R. tenerrima, R. teres
R. alpina, R. amphibia, R. aquatica, R. austriaca, R. barbareifolia, R. calycina, R. columbiae, R. crystallina, R. curvipes, R. curvisiliqua, R. dubia, R. indica, R. microtitis, R. palustris, R. ramosa, R. sessiliflora, R. sinuata, R. sphaerocarpa, R. subumbellata, R. tenerrima, R. teres
Subordinate taxa
R. palustris subsp. hispida, R. palustris subsp. palustris
Synonyms Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris Sisymbrium sylvestre, Brachiolobos sylvestris, Nasturtium sylvestre, Radicula sylvestris
Name authority (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821)
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