Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa ramosa |
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bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress |
Durango yellowcress |
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Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent, (trichomes hemispherical, vesicular). | ||||
Stems | (often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally). |
(simple or several from base), prostrate, branched distally, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, (pubescent). |
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Basal leaves | rosulate; blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
not rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. |
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Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
sessile; blade oblong to oblanceolate or broadly lanceolate (lateral lobes oblong to ovate), (2–)3–5 cm × 5–15 mm, base auriculate, margins pinnatifid to deeply sinuate or entire, (surfaces sparsely pubescent abaxially with vesicular trichomes along veins, glabrous adaxially). |
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Racemes | often considerably elongated. |
slightly elongated. |
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Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; median filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals erect, oblong, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm; petals pale yellow, spatulate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm; median filaments 2.7–3 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.7–0.9 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm. |
ascending to horizontal, usually straight, rarely curved-ascending, 3–5(–6.5) mm, (sparsely pubescent). |
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Fruits | usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm; ovules 20–90 per ovary; style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm. |
siliques, curved, oblong to lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; valves glabrous or puberulent; ovules 60–80 per ovary; style 1–2(–2.5) mm. |
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Seeds | biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate. |
biseriate, light brown, cordiform, 0.7–1.5 mm, colliculate. |
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Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa ramosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |||||
Habitat | Floodplains, sandy arroyo bottoms, lake shores | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
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TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Durango) |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rorippa ramosa is known from the Big Bend area in Brewster County and in adjacent Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 501. | FNA vol. 7, p. 502. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris | |||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | Rollins: Rhodora 63: 4, figs. A–C. (1961) | ||||
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