Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress |
curve-pod yellow-cress, curved-pod yellowcress, western yellow-cress, yellow cress |
|||||
Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Annuals; usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | ||||
Stems | (often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally). |
(usually few-branched from base, rarely simple), ascending or decumbent to prostrate, (0.5–)1–4(–6) dm, branched distally, (glabrous or hirsute proximally). |
||||
Basal leaves | rosulate; blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
not rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. |
||||
Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
petiolate or sessile; blade oblong, oblanceolate to spatulate, or obovate, (lateral lobes linear to oblong or ovate), (2–)3–9(–13) cm × 8–20(–35) mm, (lateral lobe smaller than terminal), base auriculate, margins usually pinnatifid to pinnatisect, rarely pectinate, or (terminal lobe) entire or dentate. |
||||
Racemes | often considerably elongated. |
considerably elongated. |
||||
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; median filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals (rarely persistent), ascending, oblong, 0.8–2(–2.5) × 0.6–1.4 mm; petals (spreading), yellow, oblong to oblanceolate, 0.6–1.8(–2) × 0.3–1.3 mm; median filaments 1–1.7 mm; anthers ovate, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
||||
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm. |
divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight, 1–4.5(–9) mm, (glabrous or sparsely pubescent). |
||||
Fruits | usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm; ovules 20–90 per ovary; style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm. |
siliques, curved-ascending, oblong to linear, 4–13(–18) × 1–2 mm; valves glabrous; ovules (30–)42–106 per ovary; style 0.1–0.8 mm. |
||||
Seeds | biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate. |
biseriate, brown, cordiform, 0.5–0.7 mm, colliculate. |
||||
2n | = 16. |
|||||
Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Shores of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, edges of pools and sloughs, swales, marshy grounds, mud flats, streamsides, sandy banks, wet roadsides, meadows, seepage areas | |||||
Elevation | 50-3100 m (200-10200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
|
AK; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; BC
|
||||
Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rorippa curvisiliqua is a highly variable species divided artificially by R. L. Stuckey (1972) into seven varieties. They were only reluctantly recognized by R. C. Rollins (1993) and N. H. Holmgren (2005b), though these authors felt, and I concur, that it is impossible to determine any of them reliably. A collection from New Brunswick, Blaney s.n. (DAO, MO, NBM, UNB), Northumberland County, 2 Sep 2004, was most likely introduced by migratory birds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 501. | FNA vol. 7, p. 500. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris | Sisymbrium curvisiliqua, Nasturtium curvisiliqua, Nasturtium curvisiliqua var. lyratum, Nasturtium curvisiliqua var. nuttallii, Nasturtium lyratum, Nasturtium occidentale, Nasturtium polymorphum, Radicula curvisiliqua, Radicula lyrata, Radicula multicaulis, Radicula nuttallii, Radicula occidentalis, Radicula pectinata, Radicula polymorpha, R. curvisiliqua var. lyrata, R. curvisiliqua var. nuttallii, R. curvisiliqua var. occidentalis, R. curvisiliqua var. orientalis, R. curvisiliqua var. procumbens, R. curvisiliqua var. spatulata, R. lyrata, R. multicaulis, R. nuttallii, R. occidentalis, R. pectinata, R. polymorpha | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | (Hooker) Bessey ex Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 169. (1894) | ||||
Web links |
|
|