Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa columbiae |
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bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress |
Columbia cress, Columbia yellow-cress, Columbia yellowcress cress, Columbian yellowcress |
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Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Perennials; (terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged, with creeping roots and adventitious stems); pilose or hirsute. | ||||
Stems | (often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally). |
suberect or decumbent to prostrate, branched distally, 1–3.2(–4.1) dm, (pilose to hirsute). |
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Basal leaves | rosulate; blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
absent. |
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Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
shortly petiolate or sessile; blade oblanceolate to oblong, (lateral lobes oblong to ovate, often reaching midrib), 2.4–5.2 cm × 5–12 mm, base auriculate or not, margins sinuate to pinnatifid or (lateral lobes) entire or dentate, (surfaces pilose). |
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Racemes | often considerably elongated. |
elongated. |
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Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; median filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals (persistent), ascending, oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, (pilose); petals yellow, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2.7–4.2 × 0.7–1.7 mm; median filaments 2–3.5 mm; anthers ovate, ca. 0.8 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm. |
ascending, (subappressed to rachis), straight, (3–)4–10(–12) mm, (densely pilose). |
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Fruits | usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm; ovules 20–90 per ovary; style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm. |
silicles, straight, subglobose to oblong ellipsoid, (1.5–)2.5–5.5(–7) × (1–)1.7–2.8(–3.5) mm; valves densely pilose; ovules 24–40 per ovary; style 0.7–3.2 mm, (pilose). |
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Seeds | biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate. |
biseriate, yellowish brown, ovoid-globose, 0.7–0.9 mm, prominently colliculate. |
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Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa columbiae |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Stream banks, ditches, margins of lakes and ponds, meadows, roadsides, gravel bars, wet fields | |||||
Elevation | 100-1600 m (300-5200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
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CA; OR; WA
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 501. | FNA vol. 7, p. 499. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris | Nasturtium sinuatum var. columbiae, Nasturtium columbiae, Nasturtium sinuatum var. pubescens, Radicula columbiae, R. calycina var. columbiae, R. sinuata var. pubescens | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 40. (1897) | ||||
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