Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa alpina |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress |
alpine yellowcress |
|||||
Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Perennials; (terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged, caudex branched or simple, well-developed); usually glabrous. | ||||
Stems | (often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally). |
usually decumbent to prostrate, rarely erect, much-branched basally and distally, (0.3–)0.4–1.9(–2.6) dm (rarely pilose basally). |
||||
Basal leaves | rosulate; blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
not rosulate; [petiole (0.3–)0.9–2(–2.5) cm]; blade [(0.6–)1–3.2(–4) cm × (2–)3–8(–15) mm], margins usually dentate to pinnatifid, rarely repand. |
||||
Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute). |
petiolate or subsessile; blade obovate to oblanceolate, smaller distally, base cuneate, attenuate, not auriculate, margins entire, crenate, or repand. |
||||
Racemes | often considerably elongated. |
elongated. |
||||
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm; petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; median filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals ascending, oblong, 1–1.7(–2) × 0.6–0.8 mm; petals yellow, spatulate, (1.3–)1.5–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm; median filaments 0.8–1.2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
||||
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm. |
ascending to horizontal or slightly reflexed, straight or curved, (2–)3–6(–8) mm. |
||||
Fruits | usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm; ovules 20–90 per ovary; style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm. |
often siliques, sometimes silicles, straight or slightly curved, oblong to lanceolate or ovoid, 3–7(–8) × 1.4–2.1(–2.7) mm; valves glabrous; ovules 26–42 per ovary; style (0.3–)0.5–1(–1.2) mm. |
||||
Seeds | biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate. |
biseriate, yellow-brown, ovoid to subglobose, 0.5–0.7 mm (0.4–0.5 mm diam.), reticulate. |
||||
2n | = 16. |
|||||
Rorippa palustris |
Rorippa alpina |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Lakeshores, pond margins, streamsides, dried snow ponds, meadows, seep areas | |||||
Elevation | 1400-3800 m (4600-12500 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
|
CO; ID; MT; NV; UT; WY
|
||||
Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 501. | FNA vol. 7, p. 496. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris | Nasturtium obtusum var. alpinum, Radicula alpina, R. curvipes var. alpina, R. obtusa var. alpina | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821) | (S. Watson) Rydberg: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 176. (1900) | ||||
Web links |
|