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blunt-leaf yellow-cress, common yellow-cress, truncate yellowcress

bog yellow cress, common yellow-cress, hispid yellowcress, marsh cress, marsh yellow-cress

Habit Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); glabrous or hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical).
Stems

(few to several from base), usually ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, rarely erect, branched distally, 1–4.2(–5) dm, (hirsute proximally).

(often simple from base), erect, branched distally, (0.5–)1–10(–14) dm, (sometimes hirsute proximally).

Basal leaves

not rosulate;

blade margins pinnatifid.

rosulate;

blade [(4–)6–20(–30) cm × 10–50(–80) mm] margins lyrate-pinnatisect, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute).

Cauline leaves

shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade oblong or oblanceolate to obovate, (terminal lobe oblong), (2–)3.5–10(–12) cm × (5–)10–30(–37) mm, (lateral lobe smaller than terminal), base usually auriculate, rarely amplexicaul, margins: proximal pinnatifid or sinuate, distal dentate or entire, (surfaces sparsely pubescent).

petiolate or subsessile;

blade lyrate-pinnatisect, (lateral lobes oblong or ovate when present), (1.5–)2.5–10(–18) cm × (5–)8–25(–30) mm, (lateral lobes smaller than terminal), base auriculate or amplexicaul, margins subentire or irregularly dentate, sinuate, serrate, or crenate, (abaxial surface sometimes hirsute).

Racemes

elongated.

often considerably elongated.

Flowers

sepals erect, oblong, 0.8–1.8 × 0.5–1 mm;

petals (erect), yellow, oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.5–1.8 × 0.2–1 mm;

median filaments 0.9–1.3mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

sepals erect, oblong, 1.5–2.4(–2.6) × 0.5–1 mm;

petals yellow or pale yellow, spatulate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm;

median filaments 1–2.5 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight or recurved, (1.2–)1.7–5(–8) mm.

divaricate or slightly to strongly reflexed, straight or curved, (2.5–)3–10(–14) mm.

Fruits

silicles or siliques, curved, ovoid to pyriform, 2–8(–8.8) × (0.5–)1–2.5 mm;

valves glabrous;

ovules (20–)30–80 per ovary;

style 0.3–1 mm.

usually silicles, rarely siliques, often slightly curved, oblong, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, (2.5–)4–10 × (1.5–)1.7–3(–3.5) mm;

ovules 20–90 per ovary;

style 0.2–1(–1.2) mm.

Seeds

biseriate, brown, cordiform, 0.5–0.7 mm, colliculate.

biseriate, brown to yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm (0.4–0.6(–0.7) mm diam.), colliculate.

2n

= 16.

Rorippa curvipes

Rorippa palustris

Phenology Flowering May–Sep.
Habitat Muddy shores of lakes and ponds, stream beds and banks, edges of cultivated fields, wet roadside, meadows, seepage areas, ditches, creeks, gravel bars
Elevation 100-3500 m (300-11500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CO; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; Mexico (Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia [Introduced in n Mexico, South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Rorippa palustris is a highly variable species with controversial infraspecific taxonomy. B. Jonsell (1968) recognized four subspecies, of which one (subsp. palustris) is cosmopolitan and three are North American. R. L. Stuckey (1972) followed Jonsell but further divided the North American plants into eleven, poorly defined varieties. Division of the species into subspecies based solely on stem height and fruit length is artificial. The variation is continuous in every character, and the recognized infraspecific taxa represent only some of the extremes. Some collections cannot be adequately assigned to a given subspecies or variety, and of all the infraspecific taxa recognized, only two can be consistently separated from each other; they are recognized here as subspecies.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems and abaxial leaf blade surfaces usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent proximally.
subsp. palustris
1. Stems and abaxial leaf blades surfaces often densely hirsute.
subsp. hispida
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 499. FNA vol. 7, p. 501.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa
Sibling taxa
R. alpina, R. amphibia, R. aquatica, R. austriaca, R. barbareifolia, R. calycina, R. columbiae, R. crystallina, R. curvisiliqua, R. dubia, R. indica, R. microtitis, R. palustris, R. ramosa, R. sessiliflora, R. sinuata, R. sphaerocarpa, R. subumbellata, R. sylvestris, R. tenerrima, R. teres
R. alpina, R. amphibia, R. aquatica, R. austriaca, R. barbareifolia, R. calycina, R. columbiae, R. crystallina, R. curvipes, R. curvisiliqua, R. dubia, R. indica, R. microtitis, R. ramosa, R. sessiliflora, R. sinuata, R. sphaerocarpa, R. subumbellata, R. sylvestris, R. tenerrima, R. teres
Subordinate taxa
R. palustris subsp. hispida, R. palustris subsp. palustris
Synonyms Cardamine palustris var. jonesii, Radicula curvipes, Radicula integra, Radicula sinuata var. integra, Radicula sinuata var. truncata, Radicula underwoodii, R. curvipes var. integra, R. curvipes var. truncata, R. integra, R. obtusa var. integra, R. truncata, R. underwoodii Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre, Brachiolobos palustris, Cardamine palustris, Caroli-Gmelina palustris, Myagrum palustre, Nasturtium palustre, Radicula palustris
Name authority Greene: Pittonia 3: 97. (1896) (Linnaeus) Besser: Enum. Pl., 27. (1821)
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