Rorippa curvipes |
Rorippa aquatica |
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blunt-leaf yellow-cress, common yellow-cress, truncate yellowcress |
lake yellow-cress, lakecress |
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Habit | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); glabrous or hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). | Perennials; (submerged aquatic with emergent flowering branches, rhizomatous, rooting from proximal nodes); glabrous throughout. |
Stems | (few to several from base), usually ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, rarely erect, branched distally, 1–4.2(–5) dm, (hirsute proximally). |
erect, unbranched or often branched distally, 3–8.5(–11) dm. |
Basal leaves | not rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate or sessile; blade oblong or oblanceolate to obovate, (terminal lobe oblong), (2–)3.5–10(–12) cm × (5–)10–30(–37) mm, (lateral lobe smaller than terminal), base usually auriculate, rarely amplexicaul, margins: proximal pinnatifid or sinuate, distal dentate or entire, (surfaces sparsely pubescent). |
submerged shortly petiolate, emergent sessile or petiolate (to 2 mm); blade: submerged pectinate, finely 1–4-pinnatisect into filiform or capillary segments, emergent lanceolate to oblong, usually undivided, rarely lobed, (1.5–)2–5.5(–6.7) cm × (5–)7–15(–20) mm, margins entire or dentate. |
Racemes | elongated. |
elongated. |
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 0.8–1.8 × 0.5–1 mm; petals (erect), yellow, oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.5–1.8 × 0.2–1 mm; median filaments 0.9–1.3mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals (deciduous after anthesis), ascending, oblong, 2–4 × 1.4–1.8 mm; petals white, spatulate to obovate, 4–8 × 2–3.5 mm; median filaments 3–4 mm; anthers linear, 1.7–2.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight or recurved, (1.2–)1.7–5(–8) mm. |
divaricate to horizontal or slightly reflexed, straight or curved, (5–)7–15 mm. |
Fruits | silicles or siliques, curved, ovoid to pyriform, 2–8(–8.8) × (0.5–)1–2.5 mm; valves glabrous; ovules (20–)30–80 per ovary; style 0.3–1 mm. |
silicles, straight, oblong to ellipsoid, 4–7 × 2.5–3 mm; (septum reduced to a rim); ovules 48–80 per ovary; style 2–4 mm; (stigma slightly 2-lobed). |
Seeds | biseriate, brown, cordiform, 0.5–0.7 mm, colliculate. |
biseriate, brown to reddish, ovoid, 0.7–0.8 mm (0.5–0.6 mm diam.), reticulate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 24. |
Rorippa curvipes |
Rorippa aquatica |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Muddy shores of lakes and ponds, stream beds and banks, edges of cultivated fields, wet roadside, meadows, seepage areas, ditches, creeks, gravel bars | Springs, lakes, ditches, streams, open sloughs, swamps |
Elevation | 100-3500 m (300-11500 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; Mexico (Coahuila)
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AL; AR; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MI; MN; MO; MS; NJ; NY; OH; OK; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; ON; QC
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Discussion | Submerged leaves of Rorippa aquatica often detach readily and produce adventitious buds from which new plantlets develop. The infrequent production of seeds in this species may indicate that it is self-incompatible and that most or all plants within a given population might be the result of asexual reproduction. It appears to prefer slow, unpolluted, running water. The apparent wide distribution does not reflect how uncommon the species is in any given area. Based on the relatively small number of recent collections in major herbaria, it is likely that most of the county records given by I. A. Al-Shehbaz and V. M. Bates (1987) reflect populations that have disappeared. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 499. | FNA vol. 7, p. 497. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardamine palustris var. jonesii, Radicula curvipes, Radicula integra, Radicula sinuata var. integra, Radicula sinuata var. truncata, Radicula underwoodii, R. curvipes var. integra, R. curvipes var. truncata, R. integra, R. obtusa var. integra, R. truncata, R. underwoodii | Cochlearia armoracia var. aquatica, Armoracia lacustris, Cochlearia aquatica, Nasturtium lacustre, Nasturtium natans var. americanum, Neobeckia aquatica, Radicula aquatica, R. americana |
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 3: 97. (1896) | (Eaton) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 550. (1935) |
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