Rorippa crystallina |
Rorippa curvipes |
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Mackenzie River yellowcress |
blunt-leaf yellow-cress, common yellow-cress, truncate yellowcress |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); glabrous throughout. | Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged); glabrous or hirsute, (trichomes cylindrical). |
Stems | (simple from base), erect, branched distally, 1–4 dm. |
(few to several from base), usually ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, rarely erect, branched distally, 1–4.2(–5) dm, (hirsute proximally). |
Basal leaves | rosulate; [petiole (1.5–)3–7.7(–12) cm]; blade [(2.5–)4–14(–22) cm × (10–)20–40(–70) mm], margins dentate to crenate. |
not rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. |
Cauline leaves | petiolate or subsessile; blade ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 4–13 mm (smaller distally), base cuneate, not auriculate, margins dentate. |
shortly petiolate or sessile; blade oblong or oblanceolate to obovate, (terminal lobe oblong), (2–)3.5–10(–12) cm × (5–)10–30(–37) mm, (lateral lobe smaller than terminal), base usually auriculate, rarely amplexicaul, margins: proximal pinnatifid or sinuate, distal dentate or entire, (surfaces sparsely pubescent). |
Racemes | elongated. |
elongated. |
Flowers | sepals (deciduous after anthesis), erect, oblong, 4–5 × 1–1.5 mm; petals whitish, oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2.5–3 mm; median filaments 3–4.2 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
sepals erect, oblong, 0.8–1.8 × 0.5–1 mm; petals (erect), yellow, oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.5–1.8 × 0.2–1 mm; median filaments 0.9–1.3mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to horizontal, straight, 12–20(–26) mm. |
divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight or recurved, (1.2–)1.7–5(–8) mm. |
Fruits | siliques, straight or slightly curved, linear, 14–26 × 2–2.8 mm; ovules 28–40 per ovary; style 0.3–1 mm. |
silicles or siliques, curved, ovoid to pyriform, 2–8(–8.8) × (0.5–)1–2.5 mm; valves glabrous; ovules (20–)30–80 per ovary; style 0.3–1 mm. |
Seeds | uniseriate, brown, ovoid, 1.6–2 mm (1.2–1.5 mm diam.), colliculate. |
biseriate, brown, cordiform, 0.5–0.7 mm, colliculate. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Rorippa crystallina |
Rorippa curvipes |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Meadows, marshes, peaty soils, ditches | Muddy shores of lakes and ponds, stream beds and banks, edges of cultivated fields, wet roadside, meadows, seepage areas, ditches, creeks, gravel bars |
Elevation | 100-3500 m (300-11500 ft) | |
Distribution |
NT |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; Mexico (Coahuila)
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Discussion | In his original description of Rorippa crystallina, Rollins considered the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the plant to be a unique feature, but this was later found to be an artifact of treating the plants with formaldehyde (R. L. Stuckey 1972; R. C. Rollins 1993). Characterization of the species as native to Canada was questioned by G. A. Mulligan and W. L. Cody (1995), who believed that it was probably introduced from China. There is no species of mustard from elsewhere in the world that closely resembles R. crystallina, and it should be considered a Canadian endemic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 499. | FNA vol. 7, p. 499. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nasturtium crystallinum | Cardamine palustris var. jonesii, Radicula curvipes, Radicula integra, Radicula sinuata var. integra, Radicula sinuata var. truncata, Radicula underwoodii, R. curvipes var. integra, R. curvipes var. truncata, R. integra, R. obtusa var. integra, R. truncata, R. underwoodii |
Name authority | Rollins: Rhodora 64: 326, plate 1271. (1962) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 97. (1896) |
Web links |
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