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Columbia cress, Columbia yellow-cress, Columbia yellowcress cress, Columbian yellowcress

Habit Perennials; (terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged, with creeping roots and adventitious stems); pilose or hirsute. Annuals, biennials, or perennials; eglandular.
Stems

suberect or decumbent to prostrate, branched distally, 1–3.2(–4.1) dm, (pilose to hirsute).

Basal leaves

absent.

Cauline leaves

shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade oblanceolate to oblong, (lateral lobes oblong to ovate, often reaching midrib), 2.4–5.2 cm × 5–12 mm, base auriculate or not, margins sinuate to pinnatifid or (lateral lobes) entire or dentate, (surfaces pilose).

(rarely absent), usually petiolate, sometimes sessile;

blade (simple or compound), base auriculate or not, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed.

Trichomes

absent or simple.

Racemes

elongated.

usually ebracteate (Selenia bracteate throughout), often elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals (persistent), ascending, oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, (pilose);

petals yellow, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2.7–4.2 × 0.7–1.7 mm;

median filaments 2–3.5 mm;

anthers ovate, ca. 0.8 mm.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect to spreading or ascending, lateral pair seldom saccate basally;

petals white, yellow, pink, lilac, or purple, claw usually present, rarely absent, often distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending, (subappressed to rachis), straight, (3–)4–10(–12) mm, (densely pilose).

Fruits

silicles, straight, subglobose to oblong ellipsoid, (1.5–)2.5–5.5(–7) × (1–)1.7–2.8(–3.5) mm;

valves densely pilose;

ovules 24–40 per ovary;

style 0.7–3.2 mm, (pilose).

silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete, 4-angled, or latiseptate, rarely angustiseptate;

ovules 4–300[–numerous] per ovary;

style distinct or obsolete (absent in Subularia);

stigma usually entire.

Seeds

biseriate, yellowish brown, ovoid-globose, 0.7–0.9 mm, prominently colliculate.

biseriate or uniseriate;

cotyledons usually accumbent, sometimes incumbent.

Rorippa columbiae

Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Stream banks, ditches, margins of lakes and ponds, meadows, roadsides, gravel bars, wet fields
Elevation 100-1600 m (300-5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Nearly worldwide
Discussion

Genera 12, species ca. 335 (10 genera, 85 species in the flora).

The assignment of Subularia to Cardamineae is provisional and based solely on morphology.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 499. FNA vol. 7, p. 458.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Rorippa Brassicaceae
Sibling taxa
R. alpina, R. amphibia, R. aquatica, R. austriaca, R. barbareifolia, R. calycina, R. crystallina, R. curvipes, R. curvisiliqua, R. dubia, R. indica, R. microtitis, R. palustris, R. ramosa, R. sessiliflora, R. sinuata, R. sphaerocarpa, R. subumbellata, R. sylvestris, R. tenerrima, R. teres
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Nasturtium sinuatum var. columbiae, Nasturtium columbiae, Nasturtium sinuatum var. pubescens, Radicula columbiae, R. calycina var. columbiae, R. sinuata var. pubescens
Name authority (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 40. (1897) Dumortier: Fl. Belg., 124. (1827)
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