Rhynchospora plumosa |
Rhynchospora pallida |
|
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plumed beaksedge |
pale beaksedge |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, mostly densely cespitose, (10–)20–80 cm, bases pale brown to dull deep brown; rhizomes absent. | Plants perennial, cespitose, 40–100 cm, base bulbous; rhizomes stoloniferous, short, wiry. |
Culms | erect or excurved, filiform to linear. |
erect or excurved, linear, leafy, trigonous, slender. |
Leaves | erect or excurved, shorter than scape; blades filiform to linear, to 1.5 mm wide, margins involute, apex trigonous, tapering. |
slightly to much exceeded by culm; blades ascending, narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–3 mm wide, apex trigonous, tapering gradually, setaceous. |
Inflorescences | spikelet clusters 1–several, dense or sparse, when several, either widely spaced or close together, if widely spaced then ovoid to hemispheric, if close together then lobed ellipse or cylinder; leafy bracts filiform, setaceous, overtopping each cluster. |
terminal; spikelet single, terminal cluster of spikelets crowded, hemispheric, 2.5 cm wide; leafy bracts linearsetaceous, much exceeding cluster. |
Spikelets | light redbrown to deep brown, broadly fusiform to ovoid, (2.5–)3.5–4 mm, apex acute to acuminate; fertile scale broadly ovate, strongly convex, (1.5–)2–3 mm, apex acuminate to mucronate, midrib excurrent or not. |
whitish to tan, narrowly lanceoloid, (3.5–)4–5.5 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales lanceolate, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, apex narrowly acute, minutely awned or apiculate. |
Flowers | perianth bristles 6, plumose, reaching at least to fruit midbody, often to tubercle tip. |
bristles vestigial or obsolete. |
Fruits | 1(–2) per spikelet, (1.5–)2–2.5 mm; body redbrown or brown, tumidly obovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes obscurely lenticular, (1.2–)1.3–1.8(–2) × 1–1.5 mm; surfaces interruptedly crossrugulose; tubercle narrowly to broadly conic, mostly 0.3–0.5 mm, base flaring, round or indistinctly 2lobed. |
1 per spikelet, (1.9–)2–2.3 mm; body brown with pale center, lenticular, broadly ellipsoid, 1.5–2 × 1.5 mm, margins flowing to tubercle; surfaces longitudinally finely striate; tubercle depressedtriangular, 0.2–0.3(–0.4) mm. |
Rhynchospora plumosa |
Rhynchospora pallida |
|
Phenology | Fruiting spring–fall or all year (south). | Fruiting late spring–fall. |
Habitat | Sands and peats of pine flatwoods, sandhills ecotones, savannas, upper pond shores, often in the wiregrass zone | Sands and peats of clearings in pine flatwoods, barrens, and savannas |
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Central America; West Indies |
DE; MD; NC; NJ; NY; SC; VA |
Discussion | Particularly in Gulf Coastal Plain savannas, Rhynchospora plumosa appears to have two distinct morphs: one very densely cespitose with filiform leaves, filiform, arching culms, and spikelets in short, broad, dark brown clusters, and the other morph taller, stiffer, with broader leaves and culms, and longer, sharper, paler spikelets in narrow compounds of clusters. After many attempts to do what others have—namely to create two distinct species—I have had to retrench, because so many intergrades occur. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 219. | FNA vol. 23, p. 238. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Phaeocephalum plumosa, R. penniseta, R. semiplumosa | Phaeocephalum pallidum, R. curtisii |
Name authority | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 58. (1816) | M. A. Curtis: Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2: 7: 409. (1849) |
Web links |