Rhynchospora nivea |
Rhynchospora macrostachya |
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showy whitetop |
tall beaksedge, tall horned beaksedge |
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Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, 10–40 cm, wiry; rhizomes absent. | Plants perennial, cespitose, 80–150(–170) cm, coarse; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | erect to spreading-ascending, leafybased, trigonous or compressed, ribbed. |
stiffly erect, leafy, triangular, multiribbed. |
Leaves | exceeded by scape; blades narrowly linear to filiform, 0.2–2 mm wide, apex tapering, trigonous. |
ascending, overtopped by inflorescence; blades flat proximally, 3–10(–15) mm wide, apex attenuate, trigonous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, solitary, headlike, dense, white, leafyinvolucrate, hemispheric to globose, 0.5–1.5 cm wide; involucral bracts (0–)1–4, ascending to recurved, green, (0.7–)2–5(–6) cm × 0.2–2 mm. |
terminal and axillary, narrow, clusters of corymbs, clusters dense, mostly broadly turbinate, 13–15 mm; bracteal leaves mostly exceeding subtended compounds. |
Spikelets | white, ovoid, 5–7 mm; fertile scales several, boat-shaped, 2.5–3.5 mm, keel curved, not sharp. |
brown, lanceoloid, 13–15 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales lanceolate, 10–13 mm, apex acuminate, midrib shortexcurrent. |
Flowers | perianth absent. |
longer perianth bristles usually fully 2 times length of fruit body, antrorsely barbellate. |
Fruits | 0.8–1 mm; body yellow to near black, broadly pyriform-obovoid, tumidly lenticular, 0.5–0.8 × 0.5–0.8 mm, margin narrow, flowing into tubercle; surfaces transversely sharply wavyrugose, ridges bordered by rows of fine, linear, vertical lattices; tubercle depressedtriangular, lunate-based, shortbeaked 0.2(–0.3) mm, gray-crustaceous. |
1–2 per spikelet, 20–25 mm; body pyriformobovoid, compressed, 5–6 × 2.6–3.6 mm; tubercle attenuate, 2-grooved, (15–)18–20(–21) mm. |
2n | = 18. |
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Rhynchospora nivea |
Rhynchospora macrostachya |
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Phenology | Fruiting spring–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Low, open, moist to wet, basic substrates of fens, meadows, seeps, and shores, limestone districts | Acidic sunny wetlands, mostly pond shores, seeps, bogs, marshlands |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
OK; TX |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OK; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Rhynchospora nivea, of the “Dichromena” of North America, is the smallest fruited and most slender and has the fewest and shortest involucral bracts (in some plants the bract is entirely absent). Involucral bracts of R. nivea are almost entirely green. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhynchospora macrostachya is quickly distinguished from other species of its complex by more compact clusters, arranged on successive mid and distal nodes to present a narrow inflorescence outline. Its perianth bristles and fruit tubercles are the longest in the complex, probably in the entire genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 216. | FNA vol. 23, p. 209. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dichromena diphylla, Dichromena nivea | Ceratoschoenus macrostachyus, R. macrostachya var. colpophylla |
Name authority | Boeckeler: Linnaea 37: 527. (1872) | Torrey ex A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 206. (1835) |
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