Rhynchospora latifolia |
Rhynchospora macrostachya |
|
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sandswamp whitetop |
tall beaksedge, tall horned beaksedge |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose or solitary, to 100 cm; rhizomes scaly, 3–4 mm thick. | Plants perennial, cespitose, 80–150(–170) cm, coarse; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | arching or erect, leafy-based, distally wandlike, terete, multiribbed. |
stiffly erect, leafy, triangular, multiribbed. |
Leaves | ascending to spreading, overtopped by scape; blades linear, proximally flat, 2.5–5 mm wide, apex subulate, trigonous. |
ascending, overtopped by inflorescence; blades flat proximally, 3–10(–15) mm wide, apex attenuate, trigonous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, headlike clusters of spikelets, clusters dense, leafy-involucrate; involucral bracts several, spreading to downcurved, longest 6–13 cm × 5–10 mm, mostly white to midbract, then green, abruptly narrowly linear. |
terminal and axillary, narrow, clusters of corymbs, clusters dense, mostly broadly turbinate, 13–15 mm; bracteal leaves mostly exceeding subtended compounds. |
Spikelets | white, ovoid, 5–7 mm; fertile scales boatshaped, sharply curved-keeled, 5 mm, apex acute. |
brown, lanceoloid, 13–15 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales lanceolate, 10–13 mm, apex acuminate, midrib shortexcurrent. |
Flowers | perianth absent. |
longer perianth bristles usually fully 2 times length of fruit body, antrorsely barbellate. |
Fruits | several per spikelet, 1.5–2 mm; body yellowish to deep brown, tumidly lenticular, broadly obovoid to orbicular or oblate, 1.5 mm, widest at or toward midbody, margins flowing to tubercle; surfaces with many fine rows of vertical shallow lattices, their contiguous ends making transverse rows of papillae; tubercle crescent-based, depressed-triangular, 0.5 mm, apex acute. |
1–2 per spikelet, 20–25 mm; body pyriformobovoid, compressed, 5–6 × 2.6–3.6 mm; tubercle attenuate, 2-grooved, (15–)18–20(–21) mm. |
2n | = 12. |
= 18. |
Rhynchospora latifolia |
Rhynchospora macrostachya |
|
Phenology | Fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sands and peats of bogs in pine savannas and flatwoods | Acidic sunny wetlands, mostly pond shores, seeps, bogs, marshlands |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OK; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | A specimen collected near Tullahoma, Tennessee, reported as Dichromena latifolia (A. Gattinger 1901), was later destroyed by fire. I did not see the specimen, nor was a description of it published. Because extant populations of the similar Rhynchospora colorata are just over the border in Alabama, that species is likely to have been the one found by Gattinger. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhynchospora macrostachya is quickly distinguished from other species of its complex by more compact clusters, arranged on successive mid and distal nodes to present a narrow inflorescence outline. Its perianth bristles and fruit tubercles are the longest in the complex, probably in the entire genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23. | FNA vol. 23, p. 209. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dichromena latifolia, R. stellata var. latifolia | Ceratoschoenus macrostachyus, R. macrostachya var. colpophylla |
Name authority | (Baldwin) W. W. Thomas: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 86. (1984) | Torrey ex A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 206. (1835) |
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