Rhynchospora latifolia |
Rhynchospora caduca |
|
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sandswamp whitetop |
anglestem beaksedge |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose or solitary, to 100 cm; rhizomes scaly, 3–4 mm thick. | Plants perennial, cespitose, 70–150 cm; rhizomes often present, short, scaly. |
Culms | arching or erect, leafy-based, distally wandlike, terete, multiribbed. |
erect or ascending, leafy, trigonous. |
Leaves | ascending to spreading, overtopped by scape; blades linear, proximally flat, 2.5–5 mm wide, apex subulate, trigonous. |
exceeded by culm; blades linear, proximally 4–7 mm wide, apex trigonous, tapering. |
Inflorescences | terminal, headlike clusters of spikelets, clusters dense, leafy-involucrate; involucral bracts several, spreading to downcurved, longest 6–13 cm × 5–10 mm, mostly white to midbract, then green, abruptly narrowly linear. |
terminal and axillary; clusters 3–6, mostly dense, narrowly to broadly turbinate, branches ascending; leafy bracts exceeeding proximalmost inflorescences. |
Spikelets | white, ovoid, 5–7 mm; fertile scales boatshaped, sharply curved-keeled, 5 mm, apex acute. |
rich brown, ovoid, (3–)4–5 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales ovate, 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, midrib included or shortexcurrent. |
Flowers | perianth absent. |
perianth bristles mostly 6, exceeding tubercle tip. |
Fruits | several per spikelet, 1.5–2 mm; body yellowish to deep brown, tumidly lenticular, broadly obovoid to orbicular or oblate, 1.5 mm, widest at or toward midbody, margins flowing to tubercle; surfaces with many fine rows of vertical shallow lattices, their contiguous ends making transverse rows of papillae; tubercle crescent-based, depressed-triangular, 0.5 mm, apex acute. |
mostly 3–4 per spikelet, 2–2.2 mm; body brown on short pedicellar (to 0.3 mm) stalk, broadly obovoid, lenticular, 1.3–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, surfaces transversely rugulose, vertically finely striate and rectangularalveolate; tubercle compressed, triangular acuminate, 0.5–0.8 mm, edges setulose. |
2n | = 12. |
|
Rhynchospora latifolia |
Rhynchospora caduca |
|
Phenology | Fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sands and peats of bogs in pine savannas and flatwoods | Low meadows, clearings, marshes, marsh borders, seeps, bog moats, savannas, ditches, pine flatwoods, swamps |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
|
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
Discussion | A specimen collected near Tullahoma, Tennessee, reported as Dichromena latifolia (A. Gattinger 1901), was later destroyed by fire. I did not see the specimen, nor was a description of it published. Because extant populations of the similar Rhynchospora colorata are just over the border in Alabama, that species is likely to have been the one found by Gattinger. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhynchospora caduca has its closest relationships with the even more robust R. odorata Grisebach, on the one hand, and the swampinhabiting, more slender, and rhizomatous R. mixta Britton ex Small, on the other. Intergrades with R. odorata appear in Alabama and northwest Florida; intergrades with R. mixta appear where ranges overlap in both the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23. | FNA vol. 23, p. 223. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dichromena latifolia, R. stellata var. latifolia | Phaeocephalum caducum, R. patula |
Name authority | (Baldwin) W. W. Thomas: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 86. (1984) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 62. (1816) |
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