Rhynchospora eximia |
Rhynchospora capitellata |
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Florida beaksedge |
brownish beak-rush, brownish beaksedge, capitate beak rush, rhynchospore à petites têtes |
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Habit | Plants perennial or annual, single or cespitose, (10–)20–50 cm; rhizomes absent. | Plants perennial, cespitose, 20–100 cm; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | spreading to erect, leafy, obtusely triangular. |
arching-ascending, leafy, obtusely trigonous, slender; principal leaves overtopped by inflorescence; blades flat, to 3 mm, apex tapering, trigonous. |
Leaves | often exceeding inflorescences; blades narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–3 mm wide, apex trigonous, tapering. |
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Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, clusters of 1–5 corymbs; leafy bracts much exceeding corymbs. |
terminal and axillary, clusters 1–5 or more, compact, turbinate or hemispheric, 1–1.5 cm wide; peduncles progressively shorter distally on culm; bracteal leaves mostly exceeding subtended compounds. |
Spikelets | few to several, on ascending, stiff, short-to-elongate branches, red-brown to brown, lanceoloid, (5–)6–10 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales many, ovate, shallowly convex, 5 mm, apex acuminate; midrib short-excurrent or not. |
rich deep brown, rarely pale brown, lanceellipsoid, 3.5–4(–5) mm; fertile scale elliptic, 2.7–3 mm, apex acute or rounded, midrib shortexcurrent or not. |
Flowers | perianth absent. |
perianth absent. |
Fruits | 1.5 mm; body dark brown to black, tumidly lenticular, nearly orbicular, 0.8–0.9 × 0.6–0.7 mm, margins grooved, discontinuous with tubercle; surfaces transversely wavyrugose, ridges of contiguous rows of vertical, linear, raised cells; tubercle broad, low triangular, 0.2–0.3 mm, crustaceous, base capping fruit summit, raised at ends, apex shortacuminate. |
(1–)2–3(–5) per spikelet, (2–)2.5–3 mm; body redbrown with pale central disc, stipitate, lenticular, obovoid, 1.2–1.5 × 0.7–1(–1.2) mm, margins pale, wirelike, surfaces slick; tubercle triangular-subulate, (0.8–)1–1.2(–1.6) mm. |
Rhynchospora eximia |
Rhynchospora capitellata |
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Phenology | Fruiting all year. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Moist to wet sandy peaty swales, pond shores, depressions in savannas, moist waste areas | Moist to wet meadows, swales, seeps, stream banks, flatwoods, fens, and bogs |
Elevation | 0–100[–1000] m (0–300[–3300] ft) | 0–1600 m (0–5200 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Africa |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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Discussion | Rhynchospora eximia is often found at elevations from near sea level to over 1000 m in the tropics. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhynchospora capitellata occurs infrequently in the lower Gulf coastal plain (in Florida, only north) and intergrades with R. glomerata. Forms with antrorsely barbellate bristles are referred to forma controversa (S. F. Blake) Gale; those with smooth bristles are named forma discutiens (C. B. Clarke) Gale (S. Gale 1944). Occasional forms with trigonous fruits occur. Bruce Sorrie (pers. comm.) believes that many of the southern coastal plain records for Rhynchospora capitellata are based on examples of a neglected taxon, R. leptocarpa (Chapman) Small (J. K. Small 1933), and he wishes to reinstate it. Occurring in semi-shady moist sites in steepheads, or from seeps and shallows along blackwater streams, the plants are mostly distinguished by the tall, lax habit; the many distant, small clusters of light brown or tan spikelets; and the softer, more lax foliage. Measures of spikelets, fertile scales, perianth, achenes, and fruit tubercles show a strong overlap with those of southern examples of R. capitellata. The long, lax culm habit, the softer and paler foliage, and the paler spikelets could well be ecologic responses, or the plants could indeed represent a geographic variant. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 216. | FNA vol. 23, p. 210. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Spermodon eximius, Psilocarya schiedeana, R. oxycephala, R. psilocaroides | Schoenus capitellatus, Phaeocephalum glomeratum var. minus, R. capitellata var. leptocarpa, R. capitellata var. minor, R. glomerata var. minor, R. leptocarpa |
Name authority | (Nees) Boeckeler: Linnaea 37: 601. (1873) | (Michaux) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 235. (1805) |
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