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mosquito beaksedge

threadleaf beaksedge

Habit Plants perennial, solitary or cespitose, 60–100 cm; rhizomes sometimes present, stoloniferous. Plants perennial, cespitose, 30–80(–100) cm; rhizomes absent.
Culms

lax, leafy, mostly excurved, slender.

erect or excurved, mostly filiform, leafy proximal to midculm, obtuse-angled to subterete, wiry.

Leaves

shorter than culm;

blades ascending, narrowly linear, proximally flat, 2–4(–5) mm wide, apex trigonous, short-subulate, tapering.

overtopped by culm;

blades narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–2 mm wide, distally tapering-triquetrous.

Inflorescences

spikelet clusters 3–7(–10), dense, all but most distal widely spaced, broadly turbinate to ovate or hemispheric.

spikelet clusters 2–3(–4), distant, narrowly turbinate to hemispheric, mostly shorter than subtending setaceous bract.

Spikelets

light red-brown, lanciform, 5 mm, apex acuminate;

fertile scales lanceolate, 4–4.5 mm, apex acuminate, midrib excurrent as awn.

red-brown, lanceoloid, 2.5–3(–4) mm, apex acuminate;

fertile scale elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, acute, midrib excurrent as cusp or aristula.

Flowers

bristles 6, reaching past tubercle base, usually to or slightly past its tip, antrorsely barbellate.

bristles 6, reaching tubercle tip or beyond, antrorsely barbellate, base setose.

Fruits

2(–4) per spikelet;

stipe and receptacle curled-setose, (0.5–)0.6–08(–1) mm;

body glossy, brown with pale center, narrowly obovoid-lenticular, 1.2–1.5 mm, surfaces minutely striate, sometimes transversely minutely rugulose with wavy rows of dark minute dots;

margins narrow, strong, flowing to tubercle;

tubercle narrowly triangular, slightly concave-sided, flattened, setulose-ciliate, 0.7–1.1 mm.

2–4 per spikelet, 1.5–1.7 mm, on setose pedicellar joint 0.2 mm, body with faces red-brown with pale glassy center, decurrent tubercle base;

surfaces smooth;

turbercle concavely triangular, 0.4–0.6 mm, setulose-ciliate.

Rhynchospora crinipes

Rhynchospora filifolia

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sands, gravels, and peat muck of banks and bars of blackwater streams Sands and peats of bogs, pineland pond shores, seeps, and low savannas in pinelands
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Central America; South America; West Indies (Cuba)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Clumps of Rhynchospora crinipes are often toppled by floodwaters, these clumps then can root from lower nodes. When clusters of spikelets have ripened fruit, these will germinate while still attached to the parent culm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

On the acidic, sphagnous substrates shaded by Taxodium ascendens, Nyssa biflora, and Ilex myrtifolia stands in western Florida and southern Alabama, culms of Rhynchospora filifolia reach their greatest length and are lax, leaning on other vegetation, and produce increasingly more distant clusters of spikelets that are of a paler color than is usual for the species. In fact, R. filifolia presents the greatest morphologic spectrum for its complex of species, a complex best held together by the uniformity of its fruits.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 233. FNA vol. 23, p. 234.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora
Sibling taxa
R. alba, R. baldwinii, R. brachychaeta, R. breviseta, R. caduca, R. californica, R. capillacea, R. capitellata, R. careyana, R. cephalantha, R. chalarocephala, R. chapmanii, R. ciliaris, R. colorata, R. compressa, R. corniculata, R. curtissii, R. debilis, R. decurrens, R. divergens, R. elliottii, R. eximia, R. fascicularis, R. fernaldii, R. filifolia, R. floridensis, R. fusca, R. globularis, R. glomerata, R. gracilenta, R. grayi, R. harperi, R. harveyi, R. indianolensis, R. inexpansa, R. inundata, R. knieskernii, R. kunthii, R. latifolia, R. macra, R. macrostachya, R. megalocarpa, R. megaplumosa, R. microcarpa, R. microcephala, R. miliacea, R. mixta, R. nitens, R. nivea, R. odorata, R. oligantha, R. pallida, R. perplexa, R. pineticola, R. pleiantha, R. plumosa, R. punctata, R. pusilla, R. rariflora, R. recognita, R. scirpoides, R. solitaria, R. stenophylla, R. thornei, R. torreyana, R. tracyi, R. wrightiana
R. alba, R. baldwinii, R. brachychaeta, R. breviseta, R. caduca, R. californica, R. capillacea, R. capitellata, R. careyana, R. cephalantha, R. chalarocephala, R. chapmanii, R. ciliaris, R. colorata, R. compressa, R. corniculata, R. crinipes, R. curtissii, R. debilis, R. decurrens, R. divergens, R. elliottii, R. eximia, R. fascicularis, R. fernaldii, R. floridensis, R. fusca, R. globularis, R. glomerata, R. gracilenta, R. grayi, R. harperi, R. harveyi, R. indianolensis, R. inexpansa, R. inundata, R. knieskernii, R. kunthii, R. latifolia, R. macra, R. macrostachya, R. megalocarpa, R. megaplumosa, R. microcarpa, R. microcephala, R. miliacea, R. mixta, R. nitens, R. nivea, R. odorata, R. oligantha, R. pallida, R. perplexa, R. pineticola, R. pleiantha, R. plumosa, R. punctata, R. pusilla, R. rariflora, R. recognita, R. scirpoides, R. solitaria, R. stenophylla, R. thornei, R. torreyana, R. tracyi, R. wrightiana
Synonyms Phaeocephalum filifolium
Name authority Gale: Rhodora 46: 173, plate 823, figs. 2A, B. (1944) A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 366. (1836)
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