Rhynchospora caduca |
Rhynchospora oligantha |
|
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anglestem beaksedge |
featherbristle beaksedge |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, 70–150 cm; rhizomes often present, short, scaly. | Plants perennial, densely cespitose, knottybased, 20–40 cm; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | erect or ascending, leafy, trigonous. |
filiform, leafy at base, wiry. |
Leaves | exceeded by culm; blades linear, proximally 4–7 mm wide, apex trigonous, tapering. |
ascending to erect; blades filiform, nearly terete, or channeled, sometimes compressed, nearly reaching distal inflorescence or much shorter, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, apex subulate. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary; clusters 3–6, mostly dense, narrowly to broadly turbinate, branches ascending; leafy bracts exceeeding proximalmost inflorescences. |
spikelet clusters 2–6, simple or reduced to 1 spikelet, branches ascending to divaricate or reflexed; leafy bracts single per cluster, filiform, setaceous, with clusters appearing lateral to bracts. |
Spikelets | rich brown, ovoid, (3–)4–5 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales ovate, 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, midrib included or shortexcurrent. |
pale redbrown, ellipsoidlanceoloid, 5–6(–8) mm, apex acute to acuminate; fertile scales oblongelliptic, convex, acuminate, 3.5–5 mm, apex broadly acute, midrib forming apiculus. |
Flowers | perianth bristles mostly 6, exceeding tubercle tip. |
perianth bristles 6, reaching to or slightly past tubercle base, increasingly plumose from middle to base. |
Fruits | mostly 3–4 per spikelet, 2–2.2 mm; body brown on short pedicellar (to 0.3 mm) stalk, broadly obovoid, lenticular, 1.3–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, surfaces transversely rugulose, vertically finely striate and rectangularalveolate; tubercle compressed, triangular acuminate, 0.5–0.8 mm, edges setulose. |
1–3 per spikelet, (2.5–)2.7–3(–3.4) mm; body light brown to brown, ellipsoidobovoid, distally conspicuously necked, tumidly lenticular, 1.7–2.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm; surfaces smooth or minutely transversely rugulose; tubercle conicsubulate, 0.5–0.7 mm, base flaring. |
Rhynchospora caduca |
Rhynchospora oligantha |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting spring–summer. |
Habitat | Low meadows, clearings, marshes, marsh borders, seeps, bog moats, savannas, ditches, pine flatwoods, swamps | Sands and peats of bogs, depressions in savannas, open pinelands, seeps |
Elevation | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
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AL; DC; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Central America; West Indies
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Discussion | Rhynchospora caduca has its closest relationships with the even more robust R. odorata Grisebach, on the one hand, and the swampinhabiting, more slender, and rhizomatous R. mixta Britton ex Small, on the other. Intergrades with R. odorata appear in Alabama and northwest Florida; intergrades with R. mixta appear where ranges overlap in both the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhynchospora oligantha is distinguished from other taxa of its complex mostly by the distinctive neck at the achene apex, a feature essentially absent in R. breviseta, its closest relative. Those two species have been heavily impacted by conversion of pine savannas to cropland or pine plantations; even with abandonment or clearing of such land, they are very slow to reoccupy the disturbed sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 223. | FNA vol. 23, p. 218. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Phaeocephalum caducum, R. patula | |
Name authority | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 62. (1816) | A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 212. (1835) |
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