Rhynchospora caduca |
Rhynchospora miliacea |
|
---|---|---|
anglestem beaksedge |
millet beaksedge |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, 70–150 cm; rhizomes often present, short, scaly. | Plants perennial, cespitose, to 150 cm; rhizomes stoloniferous, slender. |
Culms | erect or ascending, leafy, trigonous. |
lax, leafy, wandlike, ± terete to obscurely angled, slender. |
Leaves | exceeded by culm; blades linear, proximally 4–7 mm wide, apex trigonous, tapering. |
ascending, exceeded by culms; blades flat, 4–7(–10) mm wide, apex trigonous, shortacuminate, tapering. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary; clusters 3–6, mostly dense, narrowly to broadly turbinate, branches ascending; leafy bracts exceeeding proximalmost inflorescences. |
spikelet clusters 4–6 or more, equidistant along culm on ascending peduncles, branches capillary, divaricate, clusters loose, diffuse, rounded. |
Spikelets | rich brown, ovoid, (3–)4–5 mm, apex acuminate; fertile scales ovate, 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, midrib included or shortexcurrent. |
light brown, ellipsoid to lanceoloid or ovoid, 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acute; fertile scales ovate, (1.5–)2–3 mm, apex rounded or acute, midrib forming apiculus. |
Flowers | perianth bristles mostly 6, exceeding tubercle tip. |
perianth bristles 6, longest exceeding tubercle, antrorsely barbellate. |
Fruits | mostly 3–4 per spikelet, 2–2.2 mm; body brown on short pedicellar (to 0.3 mm) stalk, broadly obovoid, lenticular, 1.3–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, surfaces transversely rugulose, vertically finely striate and rectangularalveolate; tubercle compressed, triangular acuminate, 0.5–0.8 mm, edges setulose. |
2–several per spikelet, 1.3–1.5 mm; body pale brown, broadly obovoid, tumidly biconvex, 1.1–1.2 × 1–1.1 mm; surfaces transversely sharply wavyrugulose, intervals with vertical, rectangular, shallow alveolae; tubercle depressedconic, slightly compressed, 0.2–0.3(–0.4) mm, edges setulose. |
Rhynchospora caduca |
Rhynchospora miliacea |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Low meadows, clearings, marshes, marsh borders, seeps, bog moats, savannas, ditches, pine flatwoods, swamps | Sandy alluvium of swamp forests and gallery forests, low clearings forests |
Elevation | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; West Indies
|
Discussion | Rhynchospora caduca has its closest relationships with the even more robust R. odorata Grisebach, on the one hand, and the swampinhabiting, more slender, and rhizomatous R. mixta Britton ex Small, on the other. Intergrades with R. odorata appear in Alabama and northwest Florida; intergrades with R. mixta appear where ranges overlap in both the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The ultimate branches in Rhynchospora miliacea typically terminate in only one or two spikelets, the scales of which fall quickly, and the exposed fruits look like short miniature strings of beads. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 223. | FNA vol. 23, p. 226. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Phaeocephalum caducum, R. patula | Schoenus miliaceus, Phaeocephalum miliaceum, R. sparsa, Schoenus sparsus |
Name authority | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 62. (1816) | (Lamarck) A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 198. (1835) |
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