Rhynchospora alba |
Rhynchospora plumosa |
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rhynchospore blanc, white beak-rush, white beaksedge |
plumed beaksedge |
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Habit | Plants perennial, densely cespitose, 6–75 cm; rhizomes mostly absent. | Plants perennial, mostly densely cespitose, (10–)20–80 cm, bases pale brown to dull deep brown; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | erect to curved, leafy, obscurely trigonous to nearly terete, few ribbed, slender. |
erect or excurved, filiform to linear. |
Leaves | erect or excurved, shorter than scape; blades filiform to linear, to 1.5 mm wide, margins involute, apex trigonous, tapering. |
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Inflorescences | clusters 1 or 2–3, then widely spaced, narrowly turbinate to hemispheric, 1.5–2.5 cm wide; subtending leafy bracts often exceeded by distal cluster. |
spikelet clusters 1–several, dense or sparse, when several, either widely spaced or close together, if widely spaced then ovoid to hemispheric, if close together then lobed ellipse or cylinder; leafy bracts filiform, setaceous, overtopping each cluster. |
Spikelets | pale brown to nearly white, ellipsoid, 3.5–5.5 mm, apex acute; fertile scales elliptic, 3–3.5(–4) mm, apex acute or acuminate, midrib excurrent as mucro. |
light redbrown to deep brown, broadly fusiform to ovoid, (2.5–)3.5–4 mm, apex acute to acuminate; fertile scale broadly ovate, strongly convex, (1.5–)2–3 mm, apex acuminate to mucronate, midrib excurrent or not. |
Flowers | perianth bristles 10–12, slightly overtopping tubercle, retrorsely barbellate or rarely smooth, base often setose. |
perianth bristles 6, plumose, reaching at least to fruit midbody, often to tubercle tip. |
Fruits | 1(–2) per spikelet, (2.3–)2.5–3 mm; body pale brown with paler center, stipitateobovoid, lenticular, 1.5–1.8(–2) × 0.9–1.2 mm; surfaces transversely striate, relatively smooth, rim narrow, flowing to tubercle base; tubercle narrowly triangularsubulate, 0.5–1.2 mm. |
1(–2) per spikelet, (1.5–)2–2.5 mm; body redbrown or brown, tumidly obovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes obscurely lenticular, (1.2–)1.3–1.8(–2) × 1–1.5 mm; surfaces interruptedly crossrugulose; tubercle narrowly to broadly conic, mostly 0.3–0.5 mm, base flaring, round or indistinctly 2lobed. |
Principal | leaves mostly overtopped by culm; blades narrowly linear to filiform, proximally flat, 0.5–1.5 mm, apex tapering, trigonous. |
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Rhynchospora alba |
Rhynchospora plumosa |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting spring–fall or all year (south). |
Habitat | Acid, sphagnous, boggy, open sites, poor fens, often on floating mats or peaty interstices of rocky shores | Sands and peats of pine flatwoods, sandhills ecotones, savannas, upper pond shores, often in the wiregrass zone |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; DE; GA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; Fla(?); West Indies (Puerto Rico); South America(?); Eurasia
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Central America; West Indies |
Discussion | The smooth-bristled Rhynchospora alba forma laeviseta Gale mostly occurs with the typical antrorsely barbellate type in Pennsylvania, the Great Lakes, British Columbia, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Particularly in Gulf Coastal Plain savannas, Rhynchospora plumosa appears to have two distinct morphs: one very densely cespitose with filiform leaves, filiform, arching culms, and spikelets in short, broad, dark brown clusters, and the other morph taller, stiffer, with broader leaves and culms, and longer, sharper, paler spikelets in narrow compounds of clusters. After many attempts to do what others have—namely to create two distinct species—I have had to retrench, because so many intergrades occur. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 214. | FNA vol. 23, p. 219. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Schoenus albus, Dichromena alba, Phaeocephalum album, R. luguillensis, Triodon albus | Phaeocephalum plumosa, R. penniseta, R. semiplumosa |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 236. (1805) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 58. (1816) |
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