Rhynchospora alba |
Rhynchospora filifolia |
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rhynchospore blanc, white beak-rush, white beaksedge |
threadleaf beaksedge |
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Habit | Plants perennial, densely cespitose, 6–75 cm; rhizomes mostly absent. | Plants perennial, cespitose, 30–80(–100) cm; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | erect to curved, leafy, obscurely trigonous to nearly terete, few ribbed, slender. |
erect or excurved, mostly filiform, leafy proximal to midculm, obtuse-angled to subterete, wiry. |
Leaves | overtopped by culm; blades narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–2 mm wide, distally tapering-triquetrous. |
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Inflorescences | clusters 1 or 2–3, then widely spaced, narrowly turbinate to hemispheric, 1.5–2.5 cm wide; subtending leafy bracts often exceeded by distal cluster. |
spikelet clusters 2–3(–4), distant, narrowly turbinate to hemispheric, mostly shorter than subtending setaceous bract. |
Spikelets | pale brown to nearly white, ellipsoid, 3.5–5.5 mm, apex acute; fertile scales elliptic, 3–3.5(–4) mm, apex acute or acuminate, midrib excurrent as mucro. |
red-brown, lanceoloid, 2.5–3(–4) mm, apex acuminate; fertile scale elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, acute, midrib excurrent as cusp or aristula. |
Flowers | perianth bristles 10–12, slightly overtopping tubercle, retrorsely barbellate or rarely smooth, base often setose. |
bristles 6, reaching tubercle tip or beyond, antrorsely barbellate, base setose. |
Fruits | 1(–2) per spikelet, (2.3–)2.5–3 mm; body pale brown with paler center, stipitateobovoid, lenticular, 1.5–1.8(–2) × 0.9–1.2 mm; surfaces transversely striate, relatively smooth, rim narrow, flowing to tubercle base; tubercle narrowly triangularsubulate, 0.5–1.2 mm. |
2–4 per spikelet, 1.5–1.7 mm, on setose pedicellar joint 0.2 mm, body with faces red-brown with pale glassy center, decurrent tubercle base; surfaces smooth; turbercle concavely triangular, 0.4–0.6 mm, setulose-ciliate. |
Principal | leaves mostly overtopped by culm; blades narrowly linear to filiform, proximally flat, 0.5–1.5 mm, apex tapering, trigonous. |
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Rhynchospora alba |
Rhynchospora filifolia |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Acid, sphagnous, boggy, open sites, poor fens, often on floating mats or peaty interstices of rocky shores | Sands and peats of bogs, pineland pond shores, seeps, and low savannas in pinelands |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; DE; GA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; Fla(?); West Indies (Puerto Rico); South America(?); Eurasia
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Central America; South America; West Indies (Cuba) |
Discussion | The smooth-bristled Rhynchospora alba forma laeviseta Gale mostly occurs with the typical antrorsely barbellate type in Pennsylvania, the Great Lakes, British Columbia, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
On the acidic, sphagnous substrates shaded by Taxodium ascendens, Nyssa biflora, and Ilex myrtifolia stands in western Florida and southern Alabama, culms of Rhynchospora filifolia reach their greatest length and are lax, leaning on other vegetation, and produce increasingly more distant clusters of spikelets that are of a paler color than is usual for the species. In fact, R. filifolia presents the greatest morphologic spectrum for its complex of species, a complex best held together by the uniformity of its fruits. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 214. | FNA vol. 23, p. 234. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora | Cyperaceae > Rhynchospora |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Schoenus albus, Dichromena alba, Phaeocephalum album, R. luguillensis, Triodon albus | Phaeocephalum filifolium |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 236. (1805) | A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 366. (1836) |
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