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Texas snoutbean

snoutbean

Habit Herbs. Herbs, perennial, subshrubs, or vines, unarmed; from woody taproots.
Stems

usually prostrate or twining, rarely subascending, puberulent to strigulose or villosulous, hairs silvery.

prostrate, procumbent, twining, ascending, or erect, pubescent or glabrous.

Leaves

trifoliolate;

stipules persistent, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5 mm, acute to acuminate;

petiole 5–35 mm, puberulous, strigulose, or villosulous;

leaflet blades lanceolate-ovate, 5–45 × 20–25 mm, leathery, gland-dotted, base obtuse or subcordate, margins revolute, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces puberulent, strigulose, or villosulous.

alternate, unifoliolate or trifoliolate;

stipules present, striate; petiolate;

stipels deciduous;

leaflets 1 or 3, 0.5–2.5 mm, blade margins entire, surfaces gland-dotted abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, pubescent or glabrous.

Inflorescences

1(2 or 3) simple flowers per axil, shorter than leaves, 0.6–1.5 cm.

1–3-flowered, usually axillary, rarely terminal, usually racemes;

bracts present, striate.

Pedicels

1–6 mm.

Flowers

calyx 3–5 mm, villous or villosulous, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes subulate, laterals 1–3.5 mm, lengths to 2.5 times tube, adaxials 0.5–2 mm;

corolla yellow, veined brown;

banner widely ovate, 5–7 × 3.5–5 mm, apex emarginate, puberulent;

wings oblong to ovate, 5–6 × 1–2 mm, glabrous;

keel 5–6.5 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous;

stamens 4–6 mm.

papilionaceous;

calyx campanulate with relatively long lobes, or tubulous-campanulate with relatively short lobes, lobes 5;

corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or green-yellow, often with purple or brown tinge or streaks, (4–)6–12(–14) mm;

stamens 10, diadelphous;

anthers dorsifixed.

Fruits

legumes, sessile or subsessile, usually compressed, ovoid to ellipsoid, falcate, or acinaciform, beaked, dehiscent, gland-dotted, pubescent or glabrous.

Legumes

oblong, compressed, 15–25 × 4–6 mm, puberulent-hirtellous, hairs intermixed.

Seeds

brown, black or mottled, subglobose, compressed, 3–4 × 3–4 mm.

1 or 2, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or reniform.

x

= 11.

2n

= 22.

Rhynchosia texana

Rhynchosia

Phenology Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Dry limestone, sandy or igneous soils, grasslands, canyons, mountain slopes, roadsides, forest clearings.
Elevation 40–2700 m. (100–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; South America; Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
from USDA
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Asia (Japan, South Korea); warm temperate and tropical areas
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhynchosia angustifolia Engelmann ex A. Gray is an illegitimate name that pertains here. Dolicholus texensis Vail and its var. angustifolius (A. Gray) Vail are illegitimate and superfluous names that also pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 200 (14 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves usually unifoliolate, distalmost rarely trifoliolate.
→ 2
2. Calyces 14–16 mm; wings oblong, 9–11 mm; stamens 9–10 mm; leaflet surfaces tomentose-woolly abaxially.
R. michauxii
2. Calyces 7–13 mm; wings narrowly oblong, 6.5–7.7 mm; stamens 6–8.5 mm; leaflet surfaces hirtellous or villosulous abaxially.
→ 3
3. Stems usually ascending or erect, rarely twining; calyces densely hirtellous and gland-dotted; banners 6.5–7 mm; keel petals 6.7–7 × 2–2.5 mm; stamens 6–7 mm.
R. reniformis
3. Stems procumbent, trailing, or twining; calyces villosulous; banners 8.5–10 mm; keel petals 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm; stamens 7.5–8.5 mm.
R. americana
1. Leaves usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate.
→ 4
4. Calyces: lateral lobes 3+ times tubes.
→ 5
5. Inflorescences longer than leaves; leaflet surfaces villous abaxially; seeds brown- gray or mottled.
R. latifolia
5. Inflorescences shorter than leaves; leaflet surfaces puberulent, villosulous, hirtellous, strigulose, or strigose abaxially; seeds brown, black, or mottled.
→ 6
6. Stems ascending or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 2–2.5 mm.
R. tomentosa
6. Stems usually prostrate or twining, rarely climbing or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 3–5 mm.
→ 7
7. Petioles strigulose; stems prostrate, rarely climbing.
R. cinerea
7. Petioles hirsute; stems prostrate or twining.
R. difformis
4. Calyces: lateral lobes to 2.5 times tubes.
→ 8
8. Stem hairs yellowish; Santa Cruz County, Arizona.
R. edulis
8. Stem hairs silvery or grayish; Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Texas.
→ 9
9. Stamens 3.5–7 mm.
→ 10
10. Legumes falcate to oblong-ovoid; seeds ovoid-reniform; wings puberulent apically.
R. minima
10. Legumes oblong or acinaciform; seeds reniform or subglobose; wings glabrous.
→ 11
11. Leaflets ± leathery, blades lanceolate-ovate, margins revolute; flowers solitary, 1(2 or 3)-clustered; inflorescences shorter than leaves.
R. texana
11. Leaflets membranous, blades ovate, margins flat; flowers in solitary racemes; inflorescences longer than leaves.
R. swartzii
9. Stamens 8–12 mm.
→ 12
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 2–3 mm; wings puberulent apically, 6–7 mm; seeds red and black, 5–8 mm.
R. precatoria
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 4–5 mm; wings glabrous, 8–10 mm; seeds brown, black, or mottled, 2–4 mm.
→ 13
13. Banners glabrous, keel petals 4–5 mm wide; seeds subglobose; hilum ovate; calyces hirtellous; leaflet surfaces gland-dotted and puberulent abaxially, strigose adaxially, blade bases cuneate.
R. cytisoides
13. Banners puberulent (and gland-dotted), keel petals 2–2.5 mm wide; seeds ovoid-ellipsoid; hilum linear; calyces tomentose, vis­cid; leaflet surfaces grayish tomentulose, blades bases obtuse.
R. parvifolia
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Author: Michael Woods.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae
Sibling taxa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. latifolia, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. tomentosa
Subordinate taxa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. latifolia, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
Synonyms R. senna var. angustifolia, R. senna var. cordobensis, R. senna var. texana, R. texana var. angustifolia, R. texana var. microphylla Leucopterum
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 687. (1840) Loureiro: Fl. Cochinch. 2: 425 — (as Phynchosia), 460. 1790, name conserved
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