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least snoutbean

broadleaf snoutbean, prairie snoutbean

Habit Herbs or subshrubs. Herbs.
Stems

usually prostrate or twining, rarely ascending, rarely viscid, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous, hairs silvery or grayish, spreading or reflexed.

usually trailing or twining, rarely suberect, hirsute, hairs tawny.

Leaves

trifoliolate;

stipules persistent, linear to lanceolate, 1–6 × 1–2 mm, apex acuminate, surfaces puberulent to villosulous;

petiole 4–100 mm, glabrous, tomentulose, or villosulous;

leaflet blades rhombic-orbiculate, rhombic, subrhombic, or ovate, 30–90 × 5–70 mm, membranous or nearly leathery, gland-dotted, base obtuse to rounded, cuneate, or truncate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or sparsely to densely villosulous abaxially, glabrous or finely strigose, villosulous, or puberulent adaxially.

usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate;

stipules deciduous, subulate-lanceolate, 2.5–7.5 × 2–2.5 mm, apex acuminate;

petiole 20–60 mm, hirsute;

leaflet blades oval to ovate-rhombic or orbiculate, 30–80 × 10–60 mm, leathery, gland-dotted abaxially, base obtuse or subcordate, apex obtuse, acute, or abruptly acuminate, often mucronate, surfaces villous abaxially, strigose adaxially.

Inflorescences

racemes, longer than leaves, 2–20 cm.

racemes, longer than leaves, 5–20 cm.

Pedicels

1–5 mm.

1–3 mm.

Flowers

calyx 3–6 mm, puberulent or villosulous, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes lanceolate, laterals 1.5–4 mm, lengths to 2.5 times tube, adaxials 0.5–1 mm;

corolla yellow, veined purple or brown;

banner orbiculate-ovate, 4–6 × 3–5 mm, emarginate, puberulent, gland-dotted;

wings narrowly oblong, 4.5–5 × 1–2 mm, narrowly gland-dotted, puberulent apically;

keel 5–6 × 2–3 mm, glabrous;

stamens 5–7 mm.

calyx 8–15 mm, hirsute, tube 2–3 mm, lobes lanceolate, laterals 7–10 mm, lengths 3+ times tube, adaxials 4 mm;

corolla yellow;

banner obovate, 9.5–14 × 6–7 mm, emarginate, hirtellous, gland-dotted;

wings oblong, 8.5–13 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous;

keel 8.5–13 × 3–4 mm, glabrous;

stamens 8–12 mm.

Legumes

falcate to oblong-ovoid, compressed, 9–20 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous.

ovoid-oblong, compressed, 15–20 × 7–9 mm, villous and puberulent, hairs intermixed.

Seeds

grayish, brown, black, or mottled, ovoid-reniform, plump, 3–4 × 2–3 mm.

brown-gray or mottled, subglobose, compressed, 3–4 × 3–4 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Rhynchosia minima

Rhynchosia latifolia

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Disturbed areas, forests, edges, prairies, sand dunes. Sandy soils, pine and oak woodlands, sandy prairies, limestone glades, along streams, thickets.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; LA; MO; MS; TX; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; LA; MO; MS; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhynchosia minima was recently collected in Alabama after an absence of over 100 years (A. R. Diamond 2015).

Glycine littoralis Vahl ex de Candolle is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Dolicholus latifolius (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Vail and Phaseolus latifolius (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Eaton & Wright are illegitimate names that pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia
Sibling taxa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. latifolia, R. michauxii, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
Synonyms Dolichos minimus, Dolicholus minimus, Glycine lamarckii, G. reflexa, Phaseolus caribaeus, R. aureoguttata, R. exigua, R. mexicana, R. minima var. diminifolia, R. minima var. lutea, R. minima var. pauciflora, R. punctata Dolicholus torreyi, R. torreyi
Name authority (Linnaeus) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prod. 2: 385. (1825) Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 285. (1838)
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