Rhynchosia minima |
Rhynchosia difformis |
|
---|---|---|
least snoutbean |
double-form snoutbean |
|
Habit | Herbs or subshrubs. | Herbs. |
Stems | usually prostrate or twining, rarely ascending, rarely viscid, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous, hairs silvery or grayish, spreading or reflexed. |
usually prostrate or twining, rarely erect, strigose or hirsute, hairs tawny or silvery. |
Leaves | trifoliolate; stipules persistent, linear to lanceolate, 1–6 × 1–2 mm, apex acuminate, surfaces puberulent to villosulous; petiole 4–100 mm, glabrous, tomentulose, or villosulous; leaflet blades rhombic-orbiculate, rhombic, subrhombic, or ovate, 30–90 × 5–70 mm, membranous or nearly leathery, gland-dotted, base obtuse to rounded, cuneate, or truncate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or sparsely to densely villosulous abaxially, glabrous or finely strigose, villosulous, or puberulent adaxially. |
usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate; stipules persistent, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1.5–3 mm, apex acute or long-acuminate; petiole 10–65 mm, hirsute; leaflet blades ovate to ovate-rhombic and orbiculate, or obovate to obovate-elliptic and elliptic, 20–60 × 10–70 mm, leathery, gland-dotted, base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, apex usually acute, obtuse, or rounded, rarely retuse, surfaces hirtellous or strigulose to loosely strigose abaxially, glabrous or strigose adaxially. |
Inflorescences | racemes, longer than leaves, 2–20 cm. |
racemes, shorter than leaves, 1–4 cm. |
Pedicels | 1–5 mm. |
2–5 mm. |
Flowers | calyx 3–6 mm, puberulent or villosulous, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes lanceolate, laterals 1.5–4 mm, lengths to 2.5 times tube, adaxials 0.5–1 mm; corolla yellow, veined purple or brown; banner orbiculate-ovate, 4–6 × 3–5 mm, emarginate, puberulent, gland-dotted; wings narrowly oblong, 4.5–5 × 1–2 mm, narrowly gland-dotted, puberulent apically; keel 5–6 × 2–3 mm, glabrous; stamens 5–7 mm. |
calyx 9–12 mm, hirsute or hirtellous, tube 1–2 mm, lobes widely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, laterals 6–10 mm, adaxials 3–5 mm; corolla deep yellow or orange-yellow; banner broadly-obovate, 8–10.5 × 5–6 mm, emarginate, glabrous or puberulent, with a pair of internal callosities; wings oblong, 7–8 × 2–3 mm, glabrous; keel 7–8 × 2–3 mm, glabrous; stamens 7–9 mm. |
Legumes | falcate to oblong-ovoid, compressed, 9–20 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous. |
ovoid-oblong, compressed, 14–20 × 6–9 mm, gland-dotted, puberulent and hirsute, hairs intermixed. |
Seeds | grayish, brown, black, or mottled, ovoid-reniform, plump, 3–4 × 2–3 mm. |
brown, black, or mottled, subglobose, compressed, 3–4 × 3–4 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
= 22. |
Rhynchosia minima |
Rhynchosia difformis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, forests, edges, prairies, sand dunes. | Sandy soils, pinelands, fallow fields, clearings. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; LA; MO; MS; TX; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda
|
AL; GA; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
Discussion | Rhynchosia minima was recently collected in Alabama after an absence of over 100 years (A. R. Diamond 2015). Glycine littoralis Vahl ex de Candolle is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhynchosia difformis is common in the coastal plain but rare in the mountains of eastern Tennessee in Cocke County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dolichos minimus, Dolicholus minimus, Glycine lamarckii, G. reflexa, Phaseolus caribaeus, R. aureoguttata, R. exigua, R. mexicana, R. minima var. diminifolia, R. minima var. lutea, R. minima var. pauciflora, R. punctata | Arcyphyllum difforme, Dolicholus tomentosus var. undulatus, R. lewtonii, R. tomentosa var. volubilis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prod. 2: 385. (1825) | (Elliott) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 384. (1825) |
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