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American snoutbean

snoutbean

Habit Herbs, perennial, subshrubs, or vines, unarmed; from woody taproots.
Stems

procumbent, trailing, or twining, villous or villosulous, hairs silvery, spreading.

prostrate, procumbent, twining, ascending, or erect, pubescent or glabrous.

Leaves

usually unifoliolate, distalmost rarely trifoliolate;

stipules persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 2–5 × 1–2.5 mm, apex acuminate;

petiole 10–45 mm, villosulous;

leaflet blades suborbiculate to reniform, 15–40 × 20–55 mm, leathery, gland-dotted, base cordate, apex broadly rounded, surfaces villosulous abaxially, rugose and finely strigose adaxially.

alternate, unifoliolate or trifoliolate;

stipules present, striate;

petiolate;

stipels deciduous;

leaflets 1 or 3, 0.5–2.5 mm, blade margins entire, surfaces gland-dotted abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, pubescent or glabrous.

Inflorescences

racemes, shorter than leaves, 1.5–5 cm.

1–3-flowered, usually axillary, rarely terminal, usually racemes;

bracts present, striate.

Pedicels

2–5 mm.

Flowers

calyx 7–13 mm, villosulous, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes lanceolate, laterals 6–10 mm, adaxials 2–4 mm;

corolla yellow, often tinged brown;

banner obovate, 8.5–10 × 6.5–7.5 mm, emarginate, puberulous;

wings narrowly oblong, 6.5–7.7 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous;

keel 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm, glabrous;

stamens 7.5–8.5 mm.

papilionaceous;

calyx campanulate with relatively long lobes, or tubulous-campanulate with relatively short lobes, lobes 5;

corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or green-yellow, often with purple or brown tinge or streaks, (4–)6–12(–14) mm;

stamens 10, diadelphous;

anthers dorsifixed.

Fruits

legumes, sessile or subsessile, usually compressed, ovoid to ellipsoid, falcate, or acinaciform, beaked, dehiscent, gland-dotted, pubescent or glabrous.

Legumes

oblong-ovoid, compressed, 10–15 × 5–8 mm, villosulous.

Seeds

brown, black, or mottled, subglobose, compressed, 3–4 × 3–3.5 mm.

1 or 2, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or reniform.

Vines

, herbaceous.

x

= 11.

2n

= 22.

Rhynchosia americana

Rhynchosia

Phenology Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Sandy soils, prairies, fields, oak woodlands, roadsides, sand dunes.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chiapas, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Asia (Japan, South Korea); warm temperate and tropical areas
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In Texas, Rhynchosia americana occurs in coastal and southern counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 200 (14 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves usually unifoliolate, distalmost rarely trifoliolate.
→ 2
2. Calyces 14–16 mm; wings oblong, 9–11 mm; stamens 9–10 mm; leaflet surfaces tomentose-woolly abaxially.
R. michauxii
2. Calyces 7–13 mm; wings narrowly oblong, 6.5–7.7 mm; stamens 6–8.5 mm; leaflet surfaces hirtellous or villosulous abaxially.
→ 3
3. Stems usually ascending or erect, rarely twining; calyces densely hirtellous and gland-dotted; banners 6.5–7 mm; keel petals 6.7–7 × 2–2.5 mm; stamens 6–7 mm.
R. reniformis
3. Stems procumbent, trailing, or twining; calyces villosulous; banners 8.5–10 mm; keel petals 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm; stamens 7.5–8.5 mm.
R. americana
1. Leaves usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate.
→ 4
4. Calyces: lateral lobes 3+ times tubes.
→ 5
5. Inflorescences longer than leaves; leaflet surfaces villous abaxially; seeds brown- gray or mottled.
R. latifolia
5. Inflorescences shorter than leaves; leaflet surfaces puberulent, villosulous, hirtellous, strigulose, or strigose abaxially; seeds brown, black, or mottled.
→ 6
6. Stems ascending or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 2–2.5 mm.
R. tomentosa
6. Stems usually prostrate or twining, rarely climbing or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 3–5 mm.
→ 7
7. Petioles strigulose; stems prostrate, rarely climbing.
R. cinerea
7. Petioles hirsute; stems prostrate or twining.
R. difformis
4. Calyces: lateral lobes to 2.5 times tubes.
→ 8
8. Stem hairs yellowish; Santa Cruz County, Arizona.
R. edulis
8. Stem hairs silvery or grayish; Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Texas.
→ 9
9. Stamens 3.5–7 mm.
→ 10
10. Legumes falcate to oblong-ovoid; seeds ovoid-reniform; wings puberulent apically.
R. minima
10. Legumes oblong or acinaciform; seeds reniform or subglobose; wings glabrous.
→ 11
11. Leaflets ± leathery, blades lanceolate-ovate, margins revolute; flowers solitary, 1(2 or 3)-clustered; inflorescences shorter than leaves.
R. texana
11. Leaflets membranous, blades ovate, margins flat; flowers in solitary racemes; inflorescences longer than leaves.
R. swartzii
9. Stamens 8–12 mm.
→ 12
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 2–3 mm; wings puberulent apically, 6–7 mm; seeds red and black, 5–8 mm.
R. precatoria
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 4–5 mm; wings glabrous, 8–10 mm; seeds brown, black, or mottled, 2–4 mm.
→ 13
13. Banners glabrous, keel petals 4–5 mm wide; seeds subglobose; hilum ovate; calyces hirtellous; leaflet surfaces gland-dotted and puberulent abaxially, strigose adaxially, blade bases cuneate.
R. cytisoides
13. Banners puberulent (and gland-dotted), keel petals 2–2.5 mm wide; seeds ovoid-ellipsoid; hilum linear; calyces tomentose, vis­cid; leaflet surfaces grayish tomentulose, blades bases obtuse.
R. parvifolia
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Author: Michael Woods.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae
Sibling taxa
R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. latifolia, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
Subordinate taxa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. latifolia, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
Synonyms Lathyrus americanus, Glycine menispermoides, Phaseolus menispermoideus, R. menispermoidea Leucopterum
Name authority (Miller) Metz: Catholic Univ. Amer., Biol. Ser. 16: 126. (1934) Loureiro: Fl. Cochinch. 2: 425 — (as Phynchosia), 460. 1790, name conserved
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