Rhynchosia
Rhynchosia minima
snoutbean
least snoutbean
prostrate, procumbent, twining, ascending, or erect, pubescent or glabrous.
usually prostrate or twining, rarely ascending, rarely viscid, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous, hairs silvery or grayish, spreading or reflexed.
alternate, unifoliolate or trifoliolate;
stipules present, striate;
petiolate;
stipels deciduous;
leaflets 1 or 3, 0.5–2.5 mm, blade margins entire, surfaces gland-dotted abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, pubescent or glabrous.
trifoliolate;
stipules persistent, linear to lanceolate, 1–6 × 1–2 mm, apex acuminate, surfaces puberulent to villosulous;
petiole 4–100 mm, glabrous, tomentulose, or villosulous;
leaflet blades rhombic-orbiculate, rhombic, subrhombic, or ovate, 30–90 × 5–70 mm, membranous or nearly leathery, gland-dotted, base obtuse to rounded, cuneate, or truncate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or sparsely to densely villosulous abaxially, glabrous or finely strigose, villosulous, or puberulent adaxially.
1–3-flowered, usually axillary, rarely terminal, usually racemes;
bracts present, striate.
racemes, longer than leaves, 2–20 cm.
1–5 mm.
papilionaceous;
calyx campanulate with relatively long lobes, or tubulous-campanulate with relatively short lobes, lobes 5;
corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or green-yellow, often with purple or brown tinge or streaks, (4–)6–12(–14) mm;
stamens 10, diadelphous;
anthers dorsifixed.
calyx 3–6 mm, puberulent or villosulous, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes lanceolate, laterals 1.5–4 mm, lengths to 2.5 times tube, adaxials 0.5–1 mm;
corolla yellow, veined purple or brown;
banner orbiculate-ovate, 4–6 × 3–5 mm, emarginate, puberulent, gland-dotted;
wings narrowly oblong, 4.5–5 × 1–2 mm, narrowly gland-dotted, puberulent apically;
keel 5–6 × 2–3 mm, glabrous;
stamens 5–7 mm.
legumes, sessile or subsessile, usually compressed, ovoid to ellipsoid, falcate, or acinaciform, beaked, dehiscent, gland-dotted, pubescent or glabrous.
falcate to oblong-ovoid, compressed, 9–20 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous.
1 or 2, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or reniform.
grayish, brown, black, or mottled, ovoid-reniform, plump, 3–4 × 2–3 mm.
= 11.
= 22.
Rhynchosia
Rhynchosia minima
Species ca. 200 (14 in the flora).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Rhynchosia minima was recently collected in Alabama after an absence of over 100 years (A. R. Diamond 2015).
Glycine littoralis Vahl ex de Candolle is an illegitimate name that pertains here.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Leaves usually unifoliolate, distalmost rarely trifoliolate. | → 2 |
2. Calyces 14–16 mm; wings oblong, 9–11 mm; stamens 9–10 mm; leaflet surfaces tomentose-woolly abaxially. | R. michauxii |
2. Calyces 7–13 mm; wings narrowly oblong, 6.5–7.7 mm; stamens 6–8.5 mm; leaflet surfaces hirtellous or villosulous abaxially. | → 3 |
3. Stems usually ascending or erect, rarely twining; calyces densely hirtellous and gland-dotted; banners 6.5–7 mm; keel petals 6.7–7 × 2–2.5 mm; stamens 6–7 mm. | R. reniformis |
3. Stems procumbent, trailing, or twining; calyces villosulous; banners 8.5–10 mm; keel petals 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm; stamens 7.5–8.5 mm. | R. americana |
1. Leaves usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate. | → 4 |
4. Calyces: lateral lobes 3+ times tubes. | → 5 |
5. Inflorescences longer than leaves; leaflet surfaces villous abaxially; seeds brown- gray or mottled. | R. latifolia |
5. Inflorescences shorter than leaves; leaflet surfaces puberulent, villosulous, hirtellous, strigulose, or strigose abaxially; seeds brown, black, or mottled. | → 6 |
6. Stems ascending or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 2–2.5 mm. | R. tomentosa |
6. Stems usually prostrate or twining, rarely climbing or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 3–5 mm. | → 7 |
7. Petioles strigulose; stems prostrate, rarely climbing. | R. cinerea |
7. Petioles hirsute; stems prostrate or twining. | R. difformis |
4. Calyces: lateral lobes to 2.5 times tubes. | → 8 |
8. Stem hairs yellowish; Santa Cruz County, Arizona. | R. edulis |
8. Stem hairs silvery or grayish; Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Texas. | → 9 |
9. Stamens 3.5–7 mm. | → 10 |
10. Legumes falcate to oblong-ovoid; seeds ovoid-reniform; wings puberulent apically. | R. minima |
10. Legumes oblong or acinaciform; seeds reniform or subglobose; wings glabrous. | → 11 |
11. Leaflets ± leathery, blades lanceolate-ovate, margins revolute; flowers solitary, 1(2 or 3)-clustered; inflorescences shorter than leaves. | R. texana |
11. Leaflets membranous, blades ovate, margins flat; flowers in solitary racemes; inflorescences longer than leaves. | R. swartzii |
9. Stamens 8–12 mm. | → 12 |
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 2–3 mm; wings puberulent apically, 6–7 mm; seeds red and black, 5–8 mm. | R. precatoria |
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 4–5 mm; wings glabrous, 8–10 mm; seeds brown, black, or mottled, 2–4 mm. | → 13 |
13. Banners glabrous, keel petals 4–5 mm wide; seeds subglobose; hilum ovate; calyces hirtellous; leaflet surfaces gland-dotted and puberulent abaxially, strigose adaxially, blade bases cuneate. | R. cytisoides |
13. Banners puberulent (and gland-dotted), keel petals 2–2.5 mm wide; seeds ovoid-ellipsoid; hilum linear; calyces tomentose, viscid; leaflet surfaces grayish tomentulose, blades bases obtuse. | R. parvifolia |
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