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snoutbean

broadleaf snoutbean, prairie snoutbean

Habit Herbs, perennial, subshrubs, or vines, unarmed; from woody taproots. Herbs.
Stems

prostrate, procumbent, twining, ascending, or erect, pubescent or glabrous.

usually trailing or twining, rarely suberect, hirsute, hairs tawny.

Leaves

alternate, unifoliolate or trifoliolate;

stipules present, striate;

petiolate;

stipels deciduous;

leaflets 1 or 3, 0.5–2.5 mm, blade margins entire, surfaces gland-dotted abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, pubescent or glabrous.

usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate;

stipules deciduous, subulate-lanceolate, 2.5–7.5 × 2–2.5 mm, apex acuminate;

petiole 20–60 mm, hirsute;

leaflet blades oval to ovate-rhombic or orbiculate, 30–80 × 10–60 mm, leathery, gland-dotted abaxially, base obtuse or subcordate, apex obtuse, acute, or abruptly acuminate, often mucronate, surfaces villous abaxially, strigose adaxially.

Inflorescences

1–3-flowered, usually axillary, rarely terminal, usually racemes;

bracts present, striate.

racemes, longer than leaves, 5–20 cm.

Pedicels

1–3 mm.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx campanulate with relatively long lobes, or tubulous-campanulate with relatively short lobes, lobes 5;

corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or green-yellow, often with purple or brown tinge or streaks, (4–)6–12(–14) mm;

stamens 10, diadelphous;

anthers dorsifixed.

calyx 8–15 mm, hirsute, tube 2–3 mm, lobes lanceolate, laterals 7–10 mm, lengths 3+ times tube, adaxials 4 mm;

corolla yellow;

banner obovate, 9.5–14 × 6–7 mm, emarginate, hirtellous, gland-dotted;

wings oblong, 8.5–13 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous;

keel 8.5–13 × 3–4 mm, glabrous;

stamens 8–12 mm.

Fruits

legumes, sessile or subsessile, usually compressed, ovoid to ellipsoid, falcate, or acinaciform, beaked, dehiscent, gland-dotted, pubescent or glabrous.

Legumes

ovoid-oblong, compressed, 15–20 × 7–9 mm, villous and puberulent, hairs intermixed.

Seeds

1 or 2, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or reniform.

brown-gray or mottled, subglobose, compressed, 3–4 × 3–4 mm.

x

= 11.

2n

= 22.

Rhynchosia

Rhynchosia latifolia

Phenology Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Sandy soils, pine and oak woodlands, sandy prairies, limestone glades, along streams, thickets.
Elevation 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Asia (Japan, South Korea); warm temperate and tropical areas
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; LA; MO; MS; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 200 (14 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Dolicholus latifolius (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Vail and Phaseolus latifolius (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Eaton & Wright are illegitimate names that pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves usually unifoliolate, distalmost rarely trifoliolate.
→ 2
2. Calyces 14–16 mm; wings oblong, 9–11 mm; stamens 9–10 mm; leaflet surfaces tomentose-woolly abaxially.
R. michauxii
2. Calyces 7–13 mm; wings narrowly oblong, 6.5–7.7 mm; stamens 6–8.5 mm; leaflet surfaces hirtellous or villosulous abaxially.
→ 3
3. Stems usually ascending or erect, rarely twining; calyces densely hirtellous and gland-dotted; banners 6.5–7 mm; keel petals 6.7–7 × 2–2.5 mm; stamens 6–7 mm.
R. reniformis
3. Stems procumbent, trailing, or twining; calyces villosulous; banners 8.5–10 mm; keel petals 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm; stamens 7.5–8.5 mm.
R. americana
1. Leaves usually trifoliolate, proximalmost sometimes unifoliolate.
→ 4
4. Calyces: lateral lobes 3+ times tubes.
→ 5
5. Inflorescences longer than leaves; leaflet surfaces villous abaxially; seeds brown- gray or mottled.
R. latifolia
5. Inflorescences shorter than leaves; leaflet surfaces puberulent, villosulous, hirtellous, strigulose, or strigose abaxially; seeds brown, black, or mottled.
→ 6
6. Stems ascending or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 2–2.5 mm.
R. tomentosa
6. Stems usually prostrate or twining, rarely climbing or erect; calyces: adaxial lobes 3–5 mm.
→ 7
7. Petioles strigulose; stems prostrate, rarely climbing.
R. cinerea
7. Petioles hirsute; stems prostrate or twining.
R. difformis
4. Calyces: lateral lobes to 2.5 times tubes.
→ 8
8. Stem hairs yellowish; Santa Cruz County, Arizona.
R. edulis
8. Stem hairs silvery or grayish; Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Texas.
→ 9
9. Stamens 3.5–7 mm.
→ 10
10. Legumes falcate to oblong-ovoid; seeds ovoid-reniform; wings puberulent apically.
R. minima
10. Legumes oblong or acinaciform; seeds reniform or subglobose; wings glabrous.
→ 11
11. Leaflets ± leathery, blades lanceolate-ovate, margins revolute; flowers solitary, 1(2 or 3)-clustered; inflorescences shorter than leaves.
R. texana
11. Leaflets membranous, blades ovate, margins flat; flowers in solitary racemes; inflorescences longer than leaves.
R. swartzii
9. Stamens 8–12 mm.
→ 12
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 2–3 mm; wings puberulent apically, 6–7 mm; seeds red and black, 5–8 mm.
R. precatoria
12. Calyces: lateral lobes 4–5 mm; wings glabrous, 8–10 mm; seeds brown, black, or mottled, 2–4 mm.
→ 13
13. Banners glabrous, keel petals 4–5 mm wide; seeds subglobose; hilum ovate; calyces hirtellous; leaflet surfaces gland-dotted and puberulent abaxially, strigose adaxially, blade bases cuneate.
R. cytisoides
13. Banners puberulent (and gland-dotted), keel petals 2–2.5 mm wide; seeds ovoid-ellipsoid; hilum linear; calyces tomentose, vis­cid; leaflet surfaces grayish tomentulose, blades bases obtuse.
R. parvifolia
Source FNA vol. 11. Author: Michael Woods. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rhynchosia
Sibling taxa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
Subordinate taxa
R. americana, R. cinerea, R. cytisoides, R. difformis, R. edulis, R. latifolia, R. michauxii, R. minima, R. parvifolia, R. precatoria, R. reniformis, R. swartzii, R. texana, R. tomentosa
Synonyms Leucopterum Dolicholus torreyi, R. torreyi
Name authority Loureiro: Fl. Cochinch. 2: 425 — (as Phynchosia), 460. 1790, name conserved Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 285. (1838)
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