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black jetbead, jetbead

Habit Shrubs; unarmed (appearing ± thorny in Coleogyne).
Stems

reddish brown.

Leaves

stipules 2–3.5 mm, membranous, margins strongly sericeous;

petiole 3–10 mm;

blade weakly bicolored, narrowly to broadly ovate, 4.5–7.5(–10) × 2–4(–6.5) cm, base rounded to broadly cuneate, plicate between impressed veins, apex acuminate, abaxial surface more strongly sericeous, hairs 0.1–0.2 mm.

alternate or opposite, simple;

stipules persistent or deciduous, free;

venation pinnate.

Pedicels

6–13 mm (to 30 mm and expanding in fruit).

Flowers

epicalyx bractlets linear-lanceolate, leafy, 2.5–5 × 1 mm;

sepals 8–15(–18) mm, thickened basally, distally leafy, fimbriate-serrate, acuminate, sericeous-strigose;

petals spreading, 17–22 mm, margins entire-erose;

stamens in several series mostly at sepal bases, rarely onto torus, filaments white, 4–6 mm, anthers yellow, 0.5–0.7 mm;

torus 2–2.5 mm, interior densely sericeous-strigose, exterior glabrous;

styles linear.

perianth and androecium perigynous;

epicalyx bractlets absent (present in Rhodotypos);

hypanthium flat, shallowly cupped, saucer-shaped, or campanulate;

torus absent, inconspicuous, or a rim or tubelike sheath surrounding carpels;

carpels 2–5(–8) (usually 1 in Coleogyne), distinct, free, styles lateral or subapical (Neviusia), distinct;

ovules 1 or 2, marginal, collateral when 2.

Fruits

aggregated nutlets or achenes;

styles persistent, not elongate.

2n

= 18.

Rhodotypos scandens

Rosaceae tribe Kerrieae

Phenology Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Jun–Sep.
Habitat Mesic disturbed woods and thickets, especially in suburban areas
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America]
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North America; Asia [Introduced in Europe]
Discussion

Rhodotypos scandens is expected elsewhere in North America. It is widely cultivated in Japan and infrequently in North America and Europe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 4, species 5 (4 genera, 5 species in the flora).

The base chromosome number for Kerrieae is x = 8 or 9. C. Kalkman (2004) described the fruits of Kerrieae as drupaceous achenes, with slightly fleshy mesocarp that dry at maturity and woody endocarp. Such fruits might easily be interpreted as nutlets or achenes. The fruit of Coleogyne, unplaced as to tribe in his treatment, have a coriaceous pericarp and can be considered achenes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves opposite; sepals usually 4; tori surrounding ovary
→ 2
1. Leaves alternate; sepals usually 5; tori absent or inconspicuous
→ 3
2. Leaf blades ovate, membranous, margins doubly serrulate; stipules deciduous; epicalyx bractlets slender; petals 4, white; stamens 30–60; tori surrounding and overtopping ovaries, leaving styles free; carpels 4; fruits black, ovoid-globose drupelike nutlets.
Rhodotypos
2. Leaf blades oblanceolate-spatulate, leathery, margins entire; stipules persistent; epicalyx bractlets absent; petals usually 0; stamens (16–)20–25(–30); tori extending into tubelike sheath surrounding ovary and proximal style; carpels 1 (rarely 2); fruits brown, ovoid-reniform achenes.
Coleogyne
3. Stems: bark proximally grayish, distally reddish brown; stipules persistent; inflorescences 2–10-flowered, subumbellate corymbs; petals usually 0, rarely 1 or 2, white.
Neviusia
3. Stems: bark (periderm) not forming, epidermis green; stipules caducous; inflorescences: flowers solitary; petals usually (4 or)5(or 6), strong yellow to slightly orangish or yellow-cream.
Kerria
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 387. FNA vol. 9, p. 386. Author: Luc Brouillet.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Kerrieae > Rhodotypos Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae
Subordinate taxa
Coleogyne, Kerria, Neviusia, Rhodotypos
Synonyms Corchorus scandens, Kerria tetrapetala, R. kerrioides, R. tetrapetala
Name authority (Thunberg) Makino: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 126. (1913) Focke: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 24[III,3]: 12, 27. (1888)
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