Rhododendron minus |
Rhododendron cumberlandense |
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Piedmont rhododendron |
Cumberland rhododendron, diploid flame or Cumberland azalea |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 3(–5) mm, often rhizomatous. | Shrubs, to 2 m, usually rhizomatous. | ||||
Stems | bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs with ferrugineous, multicellular, broad-rimmed, glandular-peltate scales. |
bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs very sparsely to conspicuously multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched), otherwise glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy. |
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Leaves | persistent; petiole with ferruginous, broad-rimmed, glandular-peltate scales and unicellular-hairy; blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or oval, sometimes obovate, (1–)5–8(–13) × (1–)2–3.5(–5.5) cm, thick, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to conspicuously revolute, with scattered, glandular-peltate scales, apex acute or acuminate or obtuse to rounded, surfaces with scattered, ferruginous, broad-rimmed, glandular-peltate scales abaxially, (scales ± deciduous adaxially). |
deciduous; petiole usually multicellular eglandular-hairy and usually unicellular-hairy; blade ovate to obovate, 3.1–8.1 × 1.3–3.5 cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins entire, plane, unicellular-ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous or very sparsely eglandular-hairy, (usually glaucous), adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely scattered eglandular-hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
3–7-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
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Pedicels | 5–15 mm, with ferruginous scales. |
4–9 mm, eglandular-hairy, rarely stipitate-glandular-hairy (then sepals eglandular), otherwise sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy. |
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Flowers | opening before or after development of leaves, erect to horizontal, fragrant; calyx lobes 0.5–2 mm, with ferruginous scales; corolla dark to very pale pink or white, upper lobe usually with greenish spots, campanulate to funnelform, 15–37 mm, with scattered, ferruginous, peltate scales on outer surface, petals connate (for 3/4+ their lengths), lobes 8–19 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 8–22 mm; stamens 10, included to slightly exserted, ± unequal, 13–26 mm. |
opening after leaves have expanded, erect to horizontal, acrid-scented; calyx lobes 1–3 mm, scattered, long-stipitate, usually eglandular-hairy, and unicellular-hairy, margins extremely long stipitate-eglandular-hairy (rarely long stipitate-glandular-hairy, then pedicels eglandular); corolla red, with indistinct blotch or darker-colored region on upper lobe, funnelform, 27–45 mm, scattered stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise ± densely unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 14–30 mm, tube abruptly expanding into lobes, 14–24 mm (equaling or much longer than lobes); stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 42–62 mm. |
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Capsules | borne on erect pedicels, 6–14 × 2.9–5 mm, with ferruginous, peltate scales. |
borne on erect pedicels, 12–28 × 5–8 mm, sparsely to densely long stipitate-eglandular-hairy and sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy. |
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Seeds | with short, blunt/truncate tails at each end; testa closely appressed. |
without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa may be well developed at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose. |
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Floral | bud scales ferruginous-lepidote, sometimes also unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins unicellular-ciliate. |
bud scales glabrous abaxially, margins usually ciliate distally, glandular proximally. |
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2n | = 26. |
= 26. |
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Rhododendron minus |
Rhododendron cumberlandense |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Ridge tops, mixed deciduous forests | |||||
Elevation | 300-1800 m (1000-5900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC; TN
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AL; GA; KY; NC; SC; TN; VA |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Rhododendron minus is here circumscribed broadly, including R. carolinianum and R. chapmanii, and the latter is considered to be a distinct variety (W. H. Duncan and T. M. Pullen 1962). Variety chapmanii is federally listed. This species is often grown as an ornamental. Rhododendron minus and R. lapponicum are members of subg. Rhododendron, as indicated by their glandular-peltate scales; the subgenus is represented by hundreds of species in eastern and southern Asia (see J. Cullen 1980). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhododendron cumberlandense has a geographic distribution that is concentrated in the Cumberland Plateau and Mountains region with some populations in the southern Blue Ridge. It is most closely related to R. calendulaceum and can be distinguished from the latter by its flowering well after the leaves have expanded, eglandular pedicel and sepal margins, and usually abaxially conspicuously glaucous leaves. Hybrids are known with R. arborescens and R. viscosum. Rhododendron bakeri (Lemmon) Skinner very likely represents a hybrid between R. flammeum and R. canescens, although it has often been synonymized with R. cumberlandense (see K. A. Kron 1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 460. | FNA vol. 8, p. 471. | ||||
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron | Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Azalea cumberlandensis | |||||
Name authority | Michaux: J. Hist. Nat. 1: 412. 1792 , | E. L. Braun: Rhodora 43: 33. 1941 , | ||||
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