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Rhododendron macrophyllum

big leaf rhododendron, California rhododendron, California rose bay, coast rhododendron, Pacific rhododendron, western rhododendron

plumleaf azalea

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 5 m, sometimes rhizomatous. Shrubs or trees, to 5(–6) m, usually not rhizomatous.
Stems

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs with basally branched, crisped/matted, eglandular hairs, very quickly glabrate.

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs glabrous.

Leaves

persistent;

petiole glabrous;

blade elliptic to slightly ovate or obovate, (6–)8.5–14(–20) × 2.5–5.5(–7.5) cm, thick, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to revolute, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse or slightly acuminate, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally, crisped, very quickly deciduous), abaxial surface ± smooth.

deciduous;

petiole usually multicellular eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy;

blade ovate to obovate, 3–11(–15.2) × 1–4(–5) cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial surface glabrous or, rarely, sparsely scattered eglandular-hairy.

Inflorescences

10–20-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

4–7-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

Pedicels

30–60 mm, glabrous.

5–12 mm, eglandular-hairy.

Flowers

opening after development of leaves (of flowering shoots), erect to horizontal, fragrant;

calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, except margins eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy;

corolla white to pink or rose-purple, with yellowish green spots on upper lobe, broadly campanulate, 24–48 mm, outer surface glabrous, petals connate, lobes 14–30 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 10–23 mm;

stamens 10, included, ± unequal, 16–37 mm.

opening after development of leaves, erect to horizontal, not fragrant;

calyx lobes 1–3(–4) mm, glabrous or sparsely unicellular-hairy, margins eglandular-hairy;

corolla red to orange-red or orange, with indistinct darker blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 36–53 mm, glabrous or very sparsely long stipitate-glandular-hairy, sometimes also sparsely unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 11–22 mm, tube abruptly expanded into lobes, 23–35 mm (± equaling or much longer than lobes);

stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 64–84 mm.

Capsules

borne on erect pedicels, 13–25 × 4–7 mm, eglandular-hairy (hairs ferruginous, branched or unbranched) and, often, stipitate-glandular-hairy.

borne on erect pedicels, 15–22 × 4.5–7 mm, densely, stiffly eglandular-hairy and sparsely unicellular-hairy.

Seeds

without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end;

testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, loose.

without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end;

testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose.

Floral

bud scales multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally), and unicellular-hairy (hairs short to elongate) abaxially, margins eglandular-hairy (hairs branched).

bud scales glabrous abaxially, margins unicellular-ciliate.

2n

= 26.

= 26.

Rhododendron macrophyllum

Rhododendron prunifolium

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Forest and forest margins, thickets Shady forests, especially ravines along streams
Elevation 50-1600 m [160-5200 ft] 30-200 m [100-700 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhododendron macrophyllum, R. maximum, and R. catawbiense represent subg. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch in North America; the subgenus is represented by hundreds of species in temperate eastern Asia and is characterized by its branched, eglandular hairs (D. F. Chamberlain 1982). These showy plants are frequently used as ornamentals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Rhododendron prunifolium is most closely related to R. flammeum, R. cumberlandense, and R. calendulaceum, and can be distinguished from all of those orange- to red-flowered species by its nearly glabrous and more gradually expanded corolla tube and by the indistinct nature of the floral blotch (K. A. Kron 1993). This species is federally protected.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 462. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron. FNA vol. 8, p. 470. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron
Sibling taxa
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
Synonyms R. californicum Azalea prunifolia
Name authority D. Don ex G. Don: Gen. Hist. 3: 843. 1834 , (Small) Millais: Rhododendrons, 230. 1917 ,
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