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Rhododendron macrophyllum

big leaf rhododendron, California rhododendron, California rose bay, coast rhododendron, Pacific rhododendron, western rhododendron

election-pink, pink azalea, pinxter-flower, pinxterbloom azalea

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 5 m, sometimes rhizomatous. Shrubs, to 3(–5) m, usually not rhizomatous.
Stems

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs with basally branched, crisped/matted, eglandular hairs, very quickly glabrate.

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched) or such hairs ± absent, otherwise glabrous or sparsely unicellular-hairy.

Leaves

persistent;

petiole glabrous;

blade elliptic to slightly ovate or obovate, (6–)8.5–14(–20) × 2.5–5.5(–7.5) cm, thick, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to revolute, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse or slightly acuminate, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally, crisped, very quickly deciduous), abaxial surface ± smooth.

deciduous;

petiole multicellular eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy;

blade ovate to obovate, 3–9(–12.5) × 1.4–3.8(–5) cm, thin, membranous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, often strikingly so, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface often glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely unicellular-hairy, sometimes sparsely eglandular-hairy, adaxial surface sometimes scattered eglandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely unicellular-hairy.

Inflorescences

10–20-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

6–15-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

Pedicels

30–60 mm, glabrous.

4–19 mm, eglandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or sparsely unicellular-hairy.

Flowers

opening after development of leaves (of flowering shoots), erect to horizontal, fragrant;

calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, except margins eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy;

corolla white to pink or rose-purple, with yellowish green spots on upper lobe, broadly campanulate, 24–48 mm, outer surface glabrous, petals connate, lobes 14–30 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 10–23 mm;

stamens 10, included, ± unequal, 16–37 mm.

opening before or with leaves, erect to horizontal, slightly fragrant;

calyx lobes 0.5–2.5(–4) mm, surfaces and margins scattered, eglandular- and/or, rarely, stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or moderately unicellular-hairy;

corolla deep pink to white with pink tube, without blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 23–45 mm, scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy and/or, less commonly, multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy (hairs not forming distinct lines), otherwise sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 9–25 mm, tube usually gradually expanded into lobes, 12–27 mm (equaling or longer than lobes);

stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 32–68 mm.

Capsules

borne on erect pedicels, 13–25 × 4–7 mm, eglandular-hairy (hairs ferruginous, branched or unbranched) and, often, stipitate-glandular-hairy.

borne on erect pedicels, 10–30 × 3–6.5 mm, eglandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or sparsely unicellular-hairy.

Seeds

without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end;

testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, loose.

without distinct tails;

testa rather close, but ± loose.

Floral

bud scales multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally), and unicellular-hairy (hairs short to elongate) abaxially, margins eglandular-hairy (hairs branched).

bud scales usually glabrous abaxially, margins unicellular-ciliate.

2n

= 26.

= 26.

Rhododendron macrophyllum

Rhododendron periclymenoides

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring.
Habitat Forest and forest margins, thickets Mixed, dry to moist woods, often along streams, thickets, swamps
Elevation 50-1600 m [160-5200 ft] 0-1000 m [0-3300 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhododendron macrophyllum, R. maximum, and R. catawbiense represent subg. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch in North America; the subgenus is represented by hundreds of species in temperate eastern Asia and is characterized by its branched, eglandular hairs (D. F. Chamberlain 1982). These showy plants are frequently used as ornamentals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rhododendron periclymenoides is most similar to R. canescens, from which it can be distinguished by its less hairy leaves and bud scales, more gradually expanded corolla tube, and usually eglandular corolla indumentum; plants with stipitate-glandular hairs on the corolla occur sporadically throughout the range of this species (K. A. Kron 1993). Occasional hybridization with R. atlanticum, R. canescens, and R. prinophyllum probably occurs. The name R. nudiflorum Torrey has been incorrectly applied to this species; that name was superfluous when published and applies to R. luteum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 462. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron. FNA vol. 8, p. 468. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron
Sibling taxa
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
Synonyms R. californicum Azalea periclymenoides
Name authority D. Don ex G. Don: Gen. Hist. 3: 843. 1834 , (Michaux) Shinners: Castanea 27: 95. 1962 ,
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