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Rhododendron macrophyllum

big leaf rhododendron, California rhododendron, California rose bay, coast rhododendron, Pacific rhododendron, western rhododendron

bog Labrador-tea, common Labrador tea, Labrador-tea, rusty Labrador-tea

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 5 m, sometimes rhizomatous. Shrubs, 0.2–1.5 m, rhizomatous.
Stems

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs with basally branched, crisped/matted, eglandular hairs, very quickly glabrate.

erect and/or prostrate;

bark smooth, sometimes peeling or shredding with age;

twigs unicellular-hairy and with flattened, glandular scales, scales often obscured by dense, ferruginous, long-crisped, unbranched, multicellular hairs.

Leaves

persistent;

petiole glabrous;

blade elliptic to slightly ovate or obovate, (6–)8.5–14(–20) × 2.5–5.5(–7.5) cm, thick, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to revolute, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse or slightly acuminate, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally, crisped, very quickly deciduous), abaxial surface ± smooth.

persistent, (fragrant when crushed);

petiole with unicellular and/or peltate scales and sometimes ferruginous, long-crisped, multicellular hairs;

blade ovate-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic to linear, 2–5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, coriaceous, margins entire, weakly to strongly revolute, glabrous, apex acute, abaxial surface with sparse to dense glandular-peltate scales without broad rim, scales often obscured by dense (to sparse), ± even covering of ferruginous, long-crisped, unbranched, multicellular, eglandular hairs usually concealing midvein, adaxial surface ± rugose with scattered, lepidote scales and sometimes also unicellular-hairy along sometimes impressed midrib.

Inflorescences

10–20-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

slightly rounded, 10–35-flowered;

bracts densely lepidote, sometimes with long-crisped hairs abaxially, margins ciliate, hairs long-crisped.

Pedicels

30–60 mm, glabrous.

12–25 mm, with unicellular and/or glandular-peltate scales, sometimes multicellular-hairy (hairs ferruginous, long-crisped).

Flowers

opening after development of leaves (of flowering shoots), erect to horizontal, fragrant;

calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, except margins eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy;

corolla white to pink or rose-purple, with yellowish green spots on upper lobe, broadly campanulate, 24–48 mm, outer surface glabrous, petals connate, lobes 14–30 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 10–23 mm;

stamens 10, included, ± unequal, 16–37 mm.

radially symmetric, opening after leaves (of flowering shoots), ± erect, not fragrant;

calyx lobes ca. 1–1.5 mm, outer surface densely to sparsely unicellular-hairy (hairs tan) and multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy (hairs red) on margins;

corolla white to cream, without blotch, ± rotate, 2–8 mm, inner surface densely unicellular-hairy, petals appearing distinct or only slightly connate basally, lobes 5–7 mm;

stamens (5–)8(–10), exserted, ± equal, 3.8–9.5(–11) mm;

filaments glabrous or proximally unicellular-hairy.

Capsules

borne on erect pedicels, 13–25 × 4–7 mm, eglandular-hairy (hairs ferruginous, branched or unbranched) and, often, stipitate-glandular-hairy.

borne on broadly recurved pedicels, 3–5.5 × 4–6 mm (slightly longer than wide), with sparse, lepidote scales, sometimes also long-crisped-hairy, acropetally dehiscent.

Seeds

without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end;

testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, loose.

somewhat elongated beyond narrow ends;

testa closely appressed.

Floral

bud scales multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally), and unicellular-hairy (hairs short to elongate) abaxially, margins eglandular-hairy (hairs branched).

bud scales with lepidote scales, unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins unicellular-hairy.

2n

= 26.

= 26.

Rhododendron macrophyllum

Rhododendron groenlandicum

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring-mid summer.
Habitat Forest and forest margins, thickets Bogs, spruce forests, muskeg, swamps, stream margins, talus slopes, tundra
Elevation 50-1600 m [160-5200 ft] 0-2000 m [0-6600 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CT; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; OR; PA; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhododendron macrophyllum, R. maximum, and R. catawbiense represent subg. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch in North America; the subgenus is represented by hundreds of species in temperate eastern Asia and is characterized by its branched, eglandular hairs (D. F. Chamberlain 1982). These showy plants are frequently used as ornamentals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rhododendron groenlandicum, R. columbianum, and R. tomentosum customarily have been placed in the genus Ledum. Ledum is here considered to be a subsection of Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron (as subsect. Ledum), a placement supported by the presence in these species of comparable complex, multicellular, glandular, peltate scales and phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data. The glandular scales of species of subsect. Ledum lack the radiating, broad-rimmed fringe-cells found in some members of subg. Rhododendron (and characteristic of R. minus and R. lapponicum) but are essentially identical to those of species of subsect. Edgeworthia, e.g., R. pendulum (see K. A. Kron and W. S. Judd 1990). More than 500 species of subg. Rhododendron occur in tropical and temperate eastern Asia (J. Cullen 1980; D. F. Chamberlain et al. 1996).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 462. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron. FNA vol. 8, p. 460. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron
Sibling taxa
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
Synonyms R. californicum Ledum groenlandicum
Name authority D. Don ex G. Don: Gen. Hist. 3: 843. 1834 , (Oeder) Kron & Judd: Syst. Bot. 15: 67. 1990 ,
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