Rhododendron macrophyllum |
Rhododendron atlanticum |
|
---|---|---|
big leaf rhododendron, California rhododendron, California rose bay, coast rhododendron, Pacific rhododendron, western rhododendron |
coastal azalea, dwarf azalea |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 5 m, sometimes rhizomatous. | Shrubs, to 0.5–1 m, very strongly rhizomatous. |
Stems | bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs with basally branched, crisped/matted, eglandular hairs, very quickly glabrate. |
bark ± smooth, not shredding; twigs scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched) and/or stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely unicellular-hairy. |
Leaves | persistent; petiole glabrous; blade elliptic to slightly ovate or obovate, (6–)8.5–14(–20) × 2.5–5.5(–7.5) cm, thick, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to revolute, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse or slightly acuminate, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally, crisped, very quickly deciduous), abaxial surface ± smooth. |
deciduous; petiole multicellular eglandular- and/or stipitate-glandular-hairy, sometimes also unicellular-hairy; blade ovate to obovate, 2–5.5(–6.5) × 0.8–2(–3) cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous or, rarely, sparsely scattered eglandular-hairy, sometimes sparsely (rarely densely) unicellular-hairy, adaxial surface (lustrous to dull), glabrous or sparsely scattered stipitate-glandular-hairy, sometimes also sparsely unicellular-hairy. |
Inflorescences | 10–20-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
4–13-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
Pedicels | 30–60 mm, glabrous. |
4–15(–20) mm, eglandular- and/or stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or sparsely (rarely moderately) unicellular-hairy. |
Flowers | opening after development of leaves (of flowering shoots), erect to horizontal, fragrant; calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, except margins eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy; corolla white to pink or rose-purple, with yellowish green spots on upper lobe, broadly campanulate, 24–48 mm, outer surface glabrous, petals connate, lobes 14–30 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 10–23 mm; stamens 10, included, ± unequal, 16–37 mm. |
opening before or with leaves, erect to horizontal, usually very fragrant and/or nearly mephitic-scented; calyx lobes 0.7–5.5(–10) mm, marginal and scattered stipitate-glandular- or, less commonly, eglandular-hairy, sometimes also unicellular-hairy; corolla white, usually flushed pink or rose (especially on tube), without blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 23–58 mm, scattered, usually conspicuous, multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy (hairs forming prominent band along middle of each lobe), otherwise glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 8–24 mm, tube rather gradually expanded into lobes, 16–35 mm (equaling or longer than lobes); stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 32–63 mm. |
Capsules | borne on erect pedicels, 13–25 × 4–7 mm, eglandular-hairy (hairs ferruginous, branched or unbranched) and, often, stipitate-glandular-hairy. |
borne on erect pedicels, 10–24 × 4–8 mm, usually densely stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy. |
Seeds | without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, loose. |
without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose. |
Floral | bud scales multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally), and unicellular-hairy (hairs short to elongate) abaxially, margins eglandular-hairy (hairs branched). |
bud scales glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins usually unicellular-ciliate. |
2n | = 26. |
= 26. |
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
Rhododendron atlanticum |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Forest and forest margins, thickets | Moist pine flatwoods and savannas, sometimes in drier pine and/or oak forests, primarily in fire-maintained communities of the Atlantic coastal plain |
Elevation | 50-1600 m [160-5200 ft] | 0-200 m [0-700 ft] |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
|
DE; GA; MD; NC; PA; SC; VA
|
Discussion | Rhododendron macrophyllum, R. maximum, and R. catawbiense represent subg. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch in North America; the subgenus is represented by hundreds of species in temperate eastern Asia and is characterized by its branched, eglandular hairs (D. F. Chamberlain 1982). These showy plants are frequently used as ornamentals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties and forms have been described within Rhododendron atlanticum (see E. H. Wilson and A. J. Rehder 1921; K. A. Kron 1993). Hybrids between it and R. canescens and R. periclymenoides are known. Rhododendron atlanticum is easily confused with the sympatric R. viscosum, which generally is taller, less rhizomatous, hairier, larger-leaved, and later-flowering (i.e., flowers appear after the leaves have expanded). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 462. | FNA vol. 8, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. californicum | Azalea atlantica |
Name authority | D. Don ex G. Don: Gen. Hist. 3: 843. 1834 , | (Ashe) Rehder: in E. H. Wilson and A. J. Rehder, Monogr. Azaleas, 147. 1921 , |
Web links |
|