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Lapland rhododendron, Lapland rose-bay

smooth azalea, sweet azalea

Habit Shrubs, to 0.5(–0.7) m, rhizomatous. Shrubs or trees, to 6 m, usually not rhizomatous.
Stems

prostrate to erect;

bark ± smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs with straw-colored to ferruginous, multicellular, broad-rimmed, peltate scales and unicellular-hairy.

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs glabrous or, very rarely, sparsely, widely scattered, unicellular and multicellular eglandular-hairy.

Leaves

persistent;

petiole with broad-rimmed, glandular-peltate scales;

blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 0.4–2(–2.5) × 0.2–0.7(–0.9) cm, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to revolute, with broad-rimmed scales, apex obtuse to rounded or mucronate, surfaces with conspicuous, straw-colored or golden to ferruginous, broad-rimmed, glandular-peltate scales and unicellular-hairy abaxially.

deciduous;

petiole glabrous or multicellular eglandular-hairy;

blade ovate to obovate, 3–8(–10.5) × 1.3–3.5 cm, thin, chartaceous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous, (sometimes glaucous), adaxial surface glabrous, (lustrous).

Inflorescences

fasciculate racemes, 3–6-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

3–7-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

Pedicels

2.5–14 mm, with ferruginous scales and often unicellular-hairy.

6–21 mm, glabrous or stipitate-glandular-hairy, sometimes also unicellular-hairy.

Flowers

opening before development of leaves, erect to horizontal, fragrant;

calyx lobes 0.5–2 mm, with ferruginous scales and unicellular-hairy, margins ciliate, unicellular and multicellular eglandular-hairy;

corolla rose to purple, sometimes white, without blotch, broadly funnelform, (6.5–)7.5–14(–15) mm, glabrous on outer surface, petals connate (for 3/4+ their lengths), lobes 4.5–8.5 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 1.5–6.5 mm;

stamens 5–10, slightly exserted, ± unequal, 7–13 mm;

filaments glabrous or proximally unicellular-hairy.

opening after leaves, erect to horizontal, very fragrant;

calyx lobes 0.8–6(–9) mm, surfaces and margins scattered, stipitate-glandular- and/or, sometimes, eglandular-hairy;

corolla white or, sometimes, light pink (contrasting with dark pink to red style and filaments), without blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 30–55 mm, stipitate-glandular-hairy (hairs continuing in lines up lobes), otherwise glabrous or sparsely unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 10–24 mm, tube ± gradually expanded into lobes, 20–37 mm (equaling or much longer than lobes);

stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 44–82 mm.

Capsules

borne on erect pedicels, 4–7 × 2–3 mm, with ferruginous, peltate scales and unicellular-hairy.

borne on erect pedicels, 8–17 × 4.5–8 mm, ± densely multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy, sometimes also sparsely unicellular-hairy.

Seeds

without distinct tails;

testa closely appressed.

without distinct tails;

testa not dorsiventrally flattened, usually ± loose.

Floral

bud scales ferruginous-lepidote, sometimes also unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins ± ciliate, unicellular and multicellular, elongate eglandular-hairy.

bud scales usually glabrous abaxially, margins unicellular-ciliate.

2n

= 26, 52.

= 26.

Rhododendron lapponicum

Rhododendron arborescens

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Arctic and alpine tundra, rocky barrens and heaths or thickets, raised beach ridges, sandy stream banks Stream banks, rocky streamsides, heath balds, swampy woods or bogs
Elevation 0-1900 m (0-6200 ft) 90-1500 m (300-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; ME; NH; NY; WI; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Greenland; Europe (Russia, Scandinavia); Asia (Siberia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; KY; MD; NC; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhododendron lapponicum is known to hybridize with R. tomentosum in Greenland, producing R. ×vanhoeffenii Abromeit.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rhododendron arborescens is most closely related to R. viscosum, as evidenced by their glabrous floral bud scales and flowers that appear after the leaves have expanded (K. A. Kron 1993). It can be distinguished by its glabrous branchlets, red style and filaments (which contrast with the white corollas), and distinctive seeds that lack loose, expanded testae. These two species occasionally hybridize; hybrids with R. cumberlandense also are known.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 462. FNA vol. 8, p. 470.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron
Sibling taxa
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
Synonyms Azalea lapponica Azalea arborescens
Name authority (Linnaeus) Wahlenberg: Fl. Lapp., 104. 1812 , (Pursh) Torrey: Fl. N. Middle United States, 425. 1824 ,
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