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oconee azalea, Piedmont azalea

Habit Shrubs, to 2.5 m, usually not rhizomatous.
Stems

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs conspicuously multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched), otherwise sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy.

Leaves

deciduous;

petiole multicellular eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy;

blade ovate to obovate, 2.9–8.5 × 1.2–3.5 cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy and/or eglandular-hairy, adaxial surface scattered eglandular-hairy, otherwise sparsely unicellular-hairy, glabrate in age.

Inflorescences

6–11-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

Pedicels

3–12 mm, eglandular-hairy, otherwise moderately unicellular-hairy to glabrate.

Flowers

opening before or with development of leaves, erect to horizontal, acrid-scented;

calyx lobes 0.5–5 mm, glabrous or unicellular-hairy and eglandular-hairy, margins eglandular-hairy;

corolla bright red to orange-red or orange, with contrasting, darker-colored, orange or yellow-orange blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 27–51 mm, scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy (sometimes very weakly stipitate-glandular-hairy), otherwise sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 8–22 mm (spreading nearly as broadly as tube is long), tube rather abruptly to gradually expanded into lobes, 17–34 mm, longer than lobes;

stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 40–73 mm.

Capsules

borne on erect pedicels, 15–30 × 4.5–8 mm, densely, stiffly eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy.

Seeds

without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well devloped at each end;

testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose.

Floral

bud scales glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins densely unicellular-ciliate.

2n

= 26.

Rhododendron flammeum

Phenology Flowering spring.
Habitat Open dry woods, slopes and ridges, stream bluffs
Elevation 20-500 m (100-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhododendron flammeum is closely related to R. calendulaceum, R. cumberlandense, and R. prunifolium, all of which are characterized by orange to red flowers that lack a sweet fragrance (K. A. Kron 1993). The growth form of R. flammeum is relatively flat-topped compared to the growth form of most of the other species of azaleas. Hybrids with R. canescens are known. The name R. speciosum (Willdenow) Sweet is often used for this species; that name is based on Azalea speciosa Willdenow, a superfluous name that refers to R. calendulaceum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 466.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron
Sibling taxa
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
Synonyms Azalea calendulacea var. flammea
Name authority (Michaux) Sargent: Rhododendron Soc. Notes 1: 120. 1917 ,
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