Rhododendron austrinum |
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
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Florida azalea, orange azalea |
big leaf rhododendron, California rhododendron, California rose bay, coast rhododendron, Pacific rhododendron, western rhododendron |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 3(–5) m, usually not rhizomatous. | Shrubs or trees, to 5 m, sometimes rhizomatous. |
Stems | bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs conspicuously multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise ± moderately to densely unicellular-hairy. |
bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs with basally branched, crisped/matted, eglandular hairs, very quickly glabrate. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy; blade ovate to obovate, 3–11 × 1.5–4.5 cm, thin, membranous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface ± moderately unicellular-hairy, adaxial surface sparsely scattered stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise ± moderately unicellular-hairy, rarely glabrescent. |
persistent; petiole glabrous; blade elliptic to slightly ovate or obovate, (6–)8.5–14(–20) × 2.5–5.5(–7.5) cm, thick, coriaceous, margins entire, plane to revolute, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse or slightly acuminate, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally, crisped, very quickly deciduous), abaxial surface ± smooth. |
Inflorescences | 9–24-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
10–20-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
Pedicels | 5–17 mm, stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise ± densely unicellular-hairy. |
30–60 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | opening before or with leaves, erect to horizontal, slightly or not fragrant; calyx lobes 0.5–2.5 mm, scattered stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise unicellular-hairy, margins long stipitate-glandular-hairy; corolla yellow to orange, with usually red or orange-red tube, with indistinct, darker yellow, orange, or red blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 25–45 mm, scattered stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise ± moderately unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 9–20 mm, tube ± gradually expanded into lobes, 15–25 mm (longer than lobes); stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 52–77 mm. |
opening after development of leaves (of flowering shoots), erect to horizontal, fragrant; calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, except margins eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy; corolla white to pink or rose-purple, with yellowish green spots on upper lobe, broadly campanulate, 24–48 mm, outer surface glabrous, petals connate, lobes 14–30 mm, tube gradually expanding into lobes, 10–23 mm; stamens 10, included, ± unequal, 16–37 mm. |
Capsules | borne on erect pedicels, 14–26 × 3–5.5 mm, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise moderately to densely unicellular-hairy. |
borne on erect pedicels, 13–25 × 4–7 mm, eglandular-hairy (hairs ferruginous, branched or unbranched) and, often, stipitate-glandular-hairy. |
Seeds | without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose. |
without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, loose. |
Floral | bud scales densely to moderately unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins unicellular-ciliate, also partly glandular-serrate. |
bud scales multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs branched basally), and unicellular-hairy (hairs short to elongate) abaxially, margins eglandular-hairy (hairs branched). |
2n | = 26. |
= 26. |
Rhododendron austrinum |
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Wooded slopes, bluffs or lowlands along streams | Forest and forest margins, thickets |
Elevation | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) | 50-1600 m (200-5200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; MS
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Rhododendron austrinum is most closely related to R. luteum Sweet of eastern Europe, Turkey, and the Caucasus region and to R. occidentale (K. A. Kron 1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhododendron macrophyllum, R. maximum, and R. catawbiense represent subg. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch in North America; the subgenus is represented by hundreds of species in temperate eastern Asia and is characterized by its branched, eglandular hairs (D. F. Chamberlain 1982). These showy plants are frequently used as ornamentals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 466. | FNA vol. 8, p. 462. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Azalea austrina | R. californicum |
Name authority | (Small) Rehder: in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 6: 3571. 1917 , | D. Don ex G. Don: Gen. Hist. 3: 843. 1834 , |
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