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Cascade azalea, white rhododendron, white-flower azalea, white-flower rhododendron

oconee azalea, Piedmont azalea

Habit Shrubs, to 2.5 m, rhizomatous. Shrubs, to 2.5 m, usually not rhizomatous.
Stems

bark ± smooth to furrowed;

twigs multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched) and unicellular-hairy.

bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;

twigs conspicuously multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched), otherwise sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy.

Leaves

deciduous;

petiole multicellular eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy;

blade narrowly elliptic or ovate to obovate, 2–9 × 0.8–3 cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins minutely serrate, plane, ciliate when young, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy, apex acute to ± rounded, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy, ± glabrescent.

deciduous;

petiole multicellular eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy;

blade ovate to obovate, 2.9–8.5 × 1.2–3.5 cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy and/or eglandular-hairy, adaxial surface scattered eglandular-hairy, otherwise sparsely unicellular-hairy, glabrate in age.

Inflorescences

lateral (axillary, i.e., above leaf scars, spaced along shoots of previous year), fasciculate, 1–2-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

6–11-flowered;

bracts similar to bud scales.

Pedicels

to 9–15 mm, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy.

3–12 mm, eglandular-hairy, otherwise moderately unicellular-hairy to glabrate.

Flowers

± radially symmetric, opening soon after (and borne below) expanded leaves, pendulous, very fragrant (similar to vanilla and jasmine);

calyx lobes 5–17 mm, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy, margins glandular-hairy;

corolla white, rarely marked with yellow, bowl-shaped, 9–22 mm, minutely unicellular-hairy or glabrous on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 6–15 mm, tube expanding into lobes, 3–9 mm;

stamens 9(–12), included, ± unequal, 5.5–14 mm.

opening before or with development of leaves, erect to horizontal, acrid-scented;

calyx lobes 0.5–5 mm, glabrous or unicellular-hairy and eglandular-hairy, margins eglandular-hairy;

corolla bright red to orange-red or orange, with contrasting, darker-colored, orange or yellow-orange blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 27–51 mm, scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy (sometimes very weakly stipitate-glandular-hairy), otherwise sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 8–22 mm (spreading nearly as broadly as tube is long), tube rather abruptly to gradually expanded into lobes, 17–34 mm, longer than lobes;

stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 40–73 mm.

Capsules

borne on erect pedicels, 6–8 × 5–6 mm, stipitate-glandular-, eglandular-, and unicellular-hairy.

borne on erect pedicels, 15–30 × 4.5–8 mm, densely, stiffly eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy.

Seeds

with distinct tails;

testa closely appressed.

without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well devloped at each end;

testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose.

Floral

bud scales stipitate-glandular- and eglandular-hairy abaxially, margins stipitate-glandular-hairy.

bud scales glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins densely unicellular-ciliate.

2n

= 26.

= 26.

Rhododendron albiflorum

Rhododendron flammeum

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering spring.
Habitat Coniferous forests, alpine thickets, stream banks, seeps on rock outcrops Open dry woods, slopes and ridges, stream bluffs
Elevation 800-3500 m [2600-11500 ft] 20-500 m [70-1600 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CO; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhododendron albiflorum is especially distinctive due to its axillary, white, somewhat pendulous, and nearly actinomorphic flowers, and it is placed in the monotypic subg. Candidastrum (Sleumer) Philipson & Philipson (W. R. Philipson and M. N. Philipson 1986). It is occasionally used as an ornamental. The disjunct population in Colorado has somewhat smaller calyx lobes and corollas and shorter stamens; it is sometimes recognized as var. warrenii (M. A. Lane et al. 1993). This variety is not recognized here because of the extent of morphological overlap between that population and those of the Pacific Northwest.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rhododendron flammeum is closely related to R. calendulaceum, R. cumberlandense, and R. prunifolium, all of which are characterized by orange to red flowers that lack a sweet fragrance (K. A. Kron 1993). The growth form of R. flammeum is relatively flat-topped compared to the growth form of most of the other species of azaleas. Hybrids with R. canescens are known. The name R. speciosum (Willdenow) Sweet is often used for this species; that name is based on Azalea speciosa Willdenow, a superfluous name that refers to R. calendulaceum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 464. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron. FNA vol. 8, p. 466. Treatment authors: Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Rhododendron
Sibling taxa
R. alabamense, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. flammeum, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
R. alabamense, R. albiflorum, R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. calendulaceum, R. canadense, R. canescens, R. catawbiense, R. columbianum, R. cumberlandense, R. eastmanii, R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. macrophyllum, R. maximum, R. minus, R. occidentale, R. periclymenoides, R. prinophyllum, R. prunifolium, R. tomentosum, R. vaseyi, R. viscosum
Synonyms Azaleastrum albiflorum, R. albiflorum var. warrenii Azalea calendulacea var. flammea
Name authority Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 43, plate 133. 1834 , (Michaux) Sargent: Rhododendron Soc. Notes 1: 120. 1917 ,
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