Rhododendron albiflorum |
Rhododendron flammeum |
|
---|---|---|
Cascade azalea, white rhododendron, white-flower azalea, white-flower rhododendron |
oconee azalea, Piedmont azalea |
|
Habit | Shrubs, to 2.5 m, rhizomatous. | Shrubs, to 2.5 m, usually not rhizomatous. |
Stems | bark ± smooth to furrowed; twigs multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched) and unicellular-hairy. |
bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs conspicuously multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched), otherwise sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole multicellular eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy; blade narrowly elliptic or ovate to obovate, 2–9 × 0.8–3 cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins minutely serrate, plane, ciliate when young, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy, apex acute to ± rounded, surfaces scattered eglandular-hairy, ± glabrescent. |
deciduous; petiole multicellular eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy; blade ovate to obovate, 2.9–8.5 × 1.2–3.5 cm, thin, membranous to chartaceous, margins entire, plane, ciliate, eglandular-hairy, apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy and/or eglandular-hairy, adaxial surface scattered eglandular-hairy, otherwise sparsely unicellular-hairy, glabrate in age. |
Inflorescences | lateral (axillary, i.e., above leaf scars, spaced along shoots of previous year), fasciculate, 1–2-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
6–11-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. |
Pedicels | to 9–15 mm, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy. |
3–12 mm, eglandular-hairy, otherwise moderately unicellular-hairy to glabrate. |
Flowers | ± radially symmetric, opening soon after (and borne below) expanded leaves, pendulous, very fragrant (similar to vanilla and jasmine); calyx lobes 5–17 mm, eglandular- and stipitate-glandular-hairy, margins glandular-hairy; corolla white, rarely marked with yellow, bowl-shaped, 9–22 mm, minutely unicellular-hairy or glabrous on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 6–15 mm, tube expanding into lobes, 3–9 mm; stamens 9(–12), included, ± unequal, 5.5–14 mm. |
opening before or with development of leaves, erect to horizontal, acrid-scented; calyx lobes 0.5–5 mm, glabrous or unicellular-hairy and eglandular-hairy, margins eglandular-hairy; corolla bright red to orange-red or orange, with contrasting, darker-colored, orange or yellow-orange blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 27–51 mm, scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy (sometimes very weakly stipitate-glandular-hairy), otherwise sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 8–22 mm (spreading nearly as broadly as tube is long), tube rather abruptly to gradually expanded into lobes, 17–34 mm, longer than lobes; stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 40–73 mm. |
Capsules | borne on erect pedicels, 6–8 × 5–6 mm, stipitate-glandular-, eglandular-, and unicellular-hairy. |
borne on erect pedicels, 15–30 × 4.5–8 mm, densely, stiffly eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy. |
Seeds | with distinct tails; testa closely appressed. |
without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well devloped at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose. |
Floral | bud scales stipitate-glandular- and eglandular-hairy abaxially, margins stipitate-glandular-hairy. |
bud scales glabrous or densely unicellular-hairy abaxially, margins densely unicellular-ciliate. |
2n | = 26. |
= 26. |
Rhododendron albiflorum |
Rhododendron flammeum |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring–summer. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Coniferous forests, alpine thickets, stream banks, seeps on rock outcrops | Open dry woods, slopes and ridges, stream bluffs |
Elevation | 800-3500 m [2600-11500 ft] | 20-500 m [70-1600 ft] |
Distribution |
CO; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
|
GA; SC |
Discussion | Rhododendron albiflorum is especially distinctive due to its axillary, white, somewhat pendulous, and nearly actinomorphic flowers, and it is placed in the monotypic subg. Candidastrum (Sleumer) Philipson & Philipson (W. R. Philipson and M. N. Philipson 1986). It is occasionally used as an ornamental. The disjunct population in Colorado has somewhat smaller calyx lobes and corollas and shorter stamens; it is sometimes recognized as var. warrenii (M. A. Lane et al. 1993). This variety is not recognized here because of the extent of morphological overlap between that population and those of the Pacific Northwest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rhododendron flammeum is closely related to R. calendulaceum, R. cumberlandense, and R. prunifolium, all of which are characterized by orange to red flowers that lack a sweet fragrance (K. A. Kron 1993). The growth form of R. flammeum is relatively flat-topped compared to the growth form of most of the other species of azaleas. Hybrids with R. canescens are known. The name R. speciosum (Willdenow) Sweet is often used for this species; that name is based on Azalea speciosa Willdenow, a superfluous name that refers to R. calendulaceum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 464. | FNA vol. 8, p. 466. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Azaleastrum albiflorum, R. albiflorum var. warrenii | Azalea calendulacea var. flammea |
Name authority | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 43, plate 133. 1834 , | (Michaux) Sargent: Rhododendron Soc. Notes 1: 120. 1917 , |
Web links |