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spiny milkwort, spiny or cushion or showy milkwort

Habit Subshrubs or shrubs, multi-stemmed, 0.5–2.5(–6) dm. Herbs or subshrubs, multi-stemmed, often loosely mat-forming to 2.5 dm diam., 0.1–0.5 dm.
Stems

prostrate to erect, sometimes glaucous, at least when young, glabrous or pubescent, hairs spreading to slightly incurved.

prostrate to laxly erect, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, hairs incurved.

Leaves

subsessile to petiolate, petiole to 1(–2) mm;

blade obovate or elliptic, 4–31 × 0.8–11 mm, base cuneate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces densely to sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, hairs spreading to slightly incurved.

sessile or subsessile;

blade elliptic, obovate, ovate, or scalelike, (1.5–)2–5.9(–8) × 0.8–3.5 mm, base cuneate or rounded, apex acute, surfaces sparsely pubescent to subglabrous, hairs incurved.

Racemes

terminal, sometimes reduced to (1 or)2–few flowers, 3–12.5 cm;

rachis thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0.1–0.5 cm;

bracts usually deciduous, rarely persistent, elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate.

terminal, sometimes appearing axillary (from branches proximal to racemes of major branches with vegetative portions highly reduced), reduced to 1–3(–5) flowers, 0.5–1 × 0.7–1.9 cm;

peduncle 0–0.2 cm;

rachis not thorn-tipped;

bracts persistent, ovate, lanceolate, or linear.

Pedicels

(1.5–)3.5–10(–20.5) mm, glabrous or pubescent.

(0.6–)1–3(–3.6) mm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent.

Flowers

pink to rose, wings (and other sepals) sometimes light green, distal keel yellow or green, (6–)8–12(–13) mm;

sepals deciduous, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 2–7.2 mm, glabrous or pubescent;

wings obovate to elliptic-obovate, (5–)7–11.5(–12.2) × (2.3–)3–5.2(–5.9) mm, glabrous or pubescent;

keel (5.4–)6.2–10.5 mm, sac glabrous, beak oblong, 1–3 × 0.9–1.5 mm, glabrous.

pink or purple with pale margins, keel sometimes cream, distally greenish yellow, (2.4–)2.9–5.1(–5.4) mm;

sepals: lateral ones deciduous, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, (1.2–)1.6–3(–3.2) mm, upper sepal persistent, ovate, (1–)1.2–2.4 mm, glabrous, margins sometimes sparsely ciliate proximally;

wings obovate, (2.2–)2.5–4.6(–5.1) × 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent proximally;

keel (1.7–)2.3–3.6 mm, sac incurved-puberulent in distal 1/2, beak obscure, deltate, bluntly rounded, or linear to oblong, (0–)0.1–0.7 × (0–)0.1–0.5 mm, glabrous.

Capsules

ellipsoid to obovoid, 4.3–8.8(–10) × 3.7–7.3 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins with narrow, entire or slightly erose wing, glabrous or pubescent.

ellipsoid-obovoid, sometimes broadly so, 1.9–3.6 × 1.6–2.9 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins narrowly and evenly winged or slightly expanded apically, glabrous or sparsely pubescent apically.

Seeds

3.3–4.9 mm, ± evenly and moderately densely pubescent, occasionally with glabrate patches;

aril 1.2–3.1 mm, lobes to 1/2 length of seed.

(1.7–)1.9–3.2 mm, body, excluding aril and pubescence, 1–1.9 mm, densely pubescent;

aril (0.3–)0.4–0.7 mm, lobes often highly reduced, nearly absent to 1/6 length of seed.

2n

= 18, 36.

Rhinotropis subspinosa

Rhinotropis rimulicola

Phenology Flowering spring–mid summer.
Habitat Gravelly soils derived from limestone, shale, lava, or tuff, or crevices of soft calcareous rocks on eroded hills, open slopes and flats, in desert scrub, open pinyon-juniper woodlands, mountain brush, ponderosa pine woodlands.
Elevation 1300–2400 m. (4300–7900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
sw United States; sc United States
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Keel petals with deltate or rounded beaks (often obscure), (0–)0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm, base width equal to or greater than length; seeds (1.7–)1.9–2.7 mm; sepals eciliate or, infrequently, with a few proximal cilia.
var. rimulicola
1. Keel petals with linear to oblong beaks, 0.3–0.7 mm, base width usually less than 2/3 length; seeds 2.8–3.2 mm; sepals sparsely ciliate in proximal 1/2.
var. mescalerorum
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis
Sibling taxa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
Subordinate taxa
R. rimulicola var. mescalerorum, R. rimulicola var. rimulicola
Synonyms Polygalasubspinosa s. Polygalarimulicola steyermark
Name authority (S. Watson) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 135. (2011) (Steyermark) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 135. (2011)
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