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California milkwort

Rusby's milkwort

Habit Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, multi-stemmed, often forming a ground cover, 0.5–3.5 dm. Herbs or subshrubs, usually multi-stemmed, 0.2–1.2 dm.
Stems

laxly erect, decumbent, or prostrate, pubescent to subglabrous, hairs incurved.

decumbent to erect, densely pubescent, hairs spreading.

Leaves

sessile or subsessile;

blade ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 7–50(–60) × 3–20(–26) mm, base usually rounded to acute, sometimes cuneate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces pubescent, hairs incurved.

subsessile;

blade elliptic or obovate, 6–20(–26) × 3–10(–12) mm, base cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces pubescent, hairs spreading.

Racemes

terminal or leaf-opposed, 1–4(–5) × 1.8–3 cm;

rachis not thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0–1 cm;

bracts early deciduous, linear to lanceolate.

terminal, sometimes leaf-opposed, 1–3.5 × 1.5–2.8 cm;

rachis weakly thorn-tipped (often not clearly visible when young);

peduncle 0–0.5 cm;

bracts semipersistent, lanceolate to linear.

Pedicels

(2.5–)3.5–8.5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous.

3–7(–8.6) mm, pubescent.

Flowers

usually pink, rarely white, keel distally yellow (fading white), (2.5–)9–14.5 mm, cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers mostly 2.5–5 mm, intergrading with chasmogamous flowers;

sepals deciduous, elliptic, 4–6.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous;

wings obovate, (7.5–)8–12 × 2.5–6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

keel (7–)8–11 mm, sac glabrous (sometimes proximally ciliate), beak oblong, (1.2–)1.6–3 × 0.7–1 mm (mostly absent in cleistogamous flowers), usually notched or contorted abaxially, rarely subentire, pubescent.

pink and white, sepals pink or brownish pink, margins white, keel beak yellow to yellow-green, (7.5–)8.5–13(–14) mm;

sepals persistent, elliptic or ovate, (3–)3.5–6(–7) mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

wings narrowly elliptic to obovate, (7.2–)8–11.5(–12.3) ×3.2–5.6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

keel (6.5–)7.2–10.7 mm, sac spreading-pubescent in distal 1/2, sometimes also proximally, beak oblong, (1.6–)1.9–3.2 × (0.5–)0.7–1 mm, pubescent.

Capsules

ellipsoid to ovoid, 7.3–10.5 × 4.5–7 mm, in cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers 4.5–8 mm, base obtuse, rounded, or subtruncate, margins with narrow, entire or slightly erose wing, glabrous, margins sometimes ciliolate.

ellipsoid, 4.8–8.5 × 4–5.7 mm, base obtuse or rounded, margins with very narrow wing, sparsely pubescent.

Seeds

3.5–6 mm, densely pubescent;

aril 1.7–4 mm, less than 1/2 length of seed.

3.5–4.8 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.8–2.6 mm, lobes 0–1/2 length of seed.

Cleistogamous

or semi-cleistogamous flowers often present terminally, on much reduced scale-leaved lateral branches from proximal (or distal) leaf axils, or terminally on leafy branches that are often leaf-opposed.

2n

= 18.

= 18.

Rhinotropis californica

Rhinotropis rusbyi

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring–mid summer.
Habitat Rocky or clay soils, deep duff, rich soils, serpentine soils, slopes or drainages, full sun to deep shade, open habitat, chaparral, mixed evergreen forests, oak woodlands, coniferous forests. Calcareous or gypseous soil in open pinyon-juniper woodlands or transition to desert scrub.
Elevation 10–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) 900–1800 m. (3000–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhinotropis californica occurs in western California and Oregon.

Cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers can appear earlier than chasmogamous flowers. Their flowers, fruits, and seeds are similar to those of chasmogamous flowers, but typically are smaller and without the keel beak.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rhinotropis rusbyi occurs in Coconino, Maricopa, Mohave, and Yavapai counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis
Sibling taxa
R. acanthoclada, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. subspinosa
Synonyms Polygalacalifornica nuttall Polygalarusbyi greene
Name authority (Nuttall) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 134. (2011) (Greene) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 135. (2011)
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