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desert milkwort, thorny milkwort

spiny milkwort, spiny or cushion or showy milkwort

Habit Shrubs or subshrubs, single- to multi-stemmed, (1.5–)2–10(–12) dm. Subshrubs or shrubs, multi-stemmed, 0.5–2.5(–6) dm.
Stems

sprawling to erect, densely pubescent to glabrate, hairs spreading and short.

prostrate to erect, sometimes glaucous, at least when young, glabrous or pubescent, hairs spreading to slightly incurved.

Leaves

sessile or subsessile;

blade oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, or narrowly elliptic, 3–25 × 1–5 mm, base long-cuneate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces usually densely pubescent, rarely subglabrous, hairs spreading and short.

subsessile to petiolate, petiole to 1(–2) mm;

blade obovate or elliptic, 4–31 × 0.8–11 mm, base cuneate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces densely to sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, hairs spreading to slightly incurved.

Racemes

terminal, sometimes appearing axillary if poorly developed, sometimes aggregated into pseudopanicles or reduced and appearing fasciculate, 0.5–2.5 ×0.6–2 cm;

rachis thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0–0.2(–0.5) cm, often poorly developed;

bracts deciduous, lanceolate.

terminal, sometimes reduced to (1 or)2–few flowers, 3–12.5 cm;

rachis thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0.1–0.5 cm;

bracts usually deciduous, rarely persistent, elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate.

Pedicels

1.5–4(–5.8) mm, usually shorter than flowers, pubescent, sometimes sparsely so.

(1.5–)3.5–10(–20.5) mm, glabrous or pubescent.

Flowers

cream to yellowish green, wings cream to greenish, upper petals often purple-tipped, distal keel often dark yellow to green, (3–)3.5–5(–5.3) mm;

sepals deciduous, ovate to elliptic, 1.6–3.5 mm, spreading-pubescent, margins usually ciliate;

wings obovate, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

keel 2.7–3.8 mm, sac glabrous, beak absent or obscure and bluntly rounded, to 0.7 × 0.5 mm, glabrous;

stamens rarely 9.

pink to rose, wings (and other sepals) sometimes light green, distal keel yellow or green, (6–)8–12(–13) mm;

sepals deciduous, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 2–7.2 mm, glabrous or pubescent;

wings obovate to elliptic-obovate, (5–)7–11.5(–12.2) × (2.3–)3–5.2(–5.9) mm, glabrous or pubescent;

keel (5.4–)6.2–10.5 mm, sac glabrous, beak oblong, 1–3 × 0.9–1.5 mm, glabrous.

Capsules

ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, (3–)4–6 × 2.5–4 mm, base rounded or, sometimes, cuneate, margins with very narrow and even wing, glabrous.

ellipsoid to obovoid, 4.3–8.8(–10) × 3.7–7.3 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins with narrow, entire or slightly erose wing, glabrous or pubescent.

Seeds

3.2–4.2 mm, pubescent;

aril 1–1.7 mm, lobes to 1/3 length of seed.

3.3–4.9 mm, ± evenly and moderately densely pubescent, occasionally with glabrate patches;

aril 1.2–3.1 mm, lobes to 1/2 length of seed.

2n

= 18.

= 18, 36.

Rhinotropis acanthoclada

Rhinotropis subspinosa

Phenology Flowering (early spring–)spring–summer(–late fall). Flowering spring–mid summer.
Habitat Usually on loose silts or sands derived from limestone, granite, sandstone, or gypsum in open places or slopes in desert scrub or juniper woodlands. Gravelly soils derived from limestone, shale, lava, or tuff, or crevices of soft calcareous rocks on eroded hills, open slopes and flats, in desert scrub, open pinyon-juniper woodlands, mountain brush, ponderosa pine woodlands.
Elevation 800–1800 m. (2600–5900 ft.) 1300–2400 m. (4300–7900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In northern Arizona and southern Utah, Rhinotropis acanthoclada overlaps geographically with R. intermontana and tetraploid hybrids are known (T. L. Wendt 1978, 1979).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis
Sibling taxa
R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi
Synonyms Polygalaacanthoclada a. Polygalasubspinosa s.
Name authority (A. Gray) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 134. (2011) (S. Watson) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 135. (2011)
Web links