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evergreen buckthorn, holly leaf redberry, redberry

island redberry

Habit Shrubs or small trees, 1–4 m, unarmed. Shrubs to small trees, 2.5–6(–10) m, unarmed.
Branchlets

gray, stiff, glabrous or densely and softly hirtellous.

purple to gray, glabrous or puberulent.

Leaves

persistent, alternate;

petiole 2–10 mm;

blade usually dull green, sometimes reddish brown, abaxially, glossy to dull green adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong, orbiculate, or ovate, 2–4.5 cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to nearly truncate, margins spinulose to spinose-dentate, apex rounded or obtuse to truncate or emarginate, both surfaces glabrous;

secondary veins 5–7 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle.

persistent, alternate;

petiole 5–10 mm;

blade dull reddish to yellowish brown abaxially, usually shiny green adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong or ovate-oblong, (1.5–)2–5(–6) cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to nearly truncate, margins blunt-serrate or entire, apex acute to rounded, apiculate, both surfaces glabrous;

secondary veins 5–9 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle.

Inflorescences

fascicles or flowers solitary.

fascicles or flowers solitary.

Pedicels

2–4 mm.

3–6 mm.

Drupes

red, globose, 4–6(–8) mm;

stones 2.

red, globose, 6–8 mm;

stones 2.

Sepals

4.

4.

Petals

0.

0.

2n

= 24.

Rhamnus ilicifolia

Rhamnus pirifolia

Phenology Flowering Jan–Jun. Flowering (Jan–)Feb–Jun.
Habitat Canyon slopes and bottoms, rock faces, open hillsides, sandstone ridges, serpentine slopes, roadsides, stream benches, riparian areas, meadows, coastal sage scrub, chaparral/desert transition, chaparral, woodlands, montane forests. Steep slopes, canyon walls and bottoms, dunes, grasslands, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, pine woodlands.
Elevation 100–2200(–2400) m. (300–7200(–7900) ft.) 10–500 m. (0–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhamnus pirifolia is known in California on the Channel Islands and in Baja California on Guadalupe Island; it has not been implicated in hybridization with other members of the R. crocea complex.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 48. FNA vol. 12, p. 47.
Parent taxa Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus
Sibling taxa
R. alaternus, R. alnifolia, R. arguta, R. cathartica, R. crocea, R. davurica, R. japonica, R. lanceolata, R. pilosa, R. pirifolia, R. serrata, R. smithii, R. utilis
R. alaternus, R. alnifolia, R. arguta, R. cathartica, R. crocea, R. davurica, R. ilicifolia, R. japonica, R. lanceolata, R. pilosa, R. serrata, R. smithii, R. utilis
Synonyms R. crocea subsp. ilicifolia, R. crocea var. ilicifolia R. crocea subsp. pirifolia, R. crocea var. pirifolia
Name authority Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 37. (1863) — (as ilicifolius) Greene: Pittonia 3: 15. (1896)
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