Rhamnus ilicifolia |
Rhamnus pirifolia |
|
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evergreen buckthorn, holly leaf redberry, redberry |
island redberry |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, 1–4 m, unarmed. | Shrubs to small trees, 2.5–6(–10) m, unarmed. |
Branchlets | gray, stiff, glabrous or densely and softly hirtellous. |
purple to gray, glabrous or puberulent. |
Leaves | persistent, alternate; petiole 2–10 mm; blade usually dull green, sometimes reddish brown, abaxially, glossy to dull green adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong, orbiculate, or ovate, 2–4.5 cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to nearly truncate, margins spinulose to spinose-dentate, apex rounded or obtuse to truncate or emarginate, both surfaces glabrous; secondary veins 5–7 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle. |
persistent, alternate; petiole 5–10 mm; blade dull reddish to yellowish brown abaxially, usually shiny green adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong or ovate-oblong, (1.5–)2–5(–6) cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to nearly truncate, margins blunt-serrate or entire, apex acute to rounded, apiculate, both surfaces glabrous; secondary veins 5–9 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle. |
Inflorescences | fascicles or flowers solitary. |
fascicles or flowers solitary. |
Pedicels | 2–4 mm. |
3–6 mm. |
Drupes | red, globose, 4–6(–8) mm; stones 2. |
red, globose, 6–8 mm; stones 2. |
Sepals | 4. |
4. |
Petals | 0. |
0. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Rhamnus ilicifolia |
Rhamnus pirifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan–Jun. | Flowering (Jan–)Feb–Jun. |
Habitat | Canyon slopes and bottoms, rock faces, open hillsides, sandstone ridges, serpentine slopes, roadsides, stream benches, riparian areas, meadows, coastal sage scrub, chaparral/desert transition, chaparral, woodlands, montane forests. | Steep slopes, canyon walls and bottoms, dunes, grasslands, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, pine woodlands. |
Elevation | 100–2200(–2400) m. (300–7200(–7900) ft.) | 10–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Rhamnus pirifolia is known in California on the Channel Islands and in Baja California on Guadalupe Island; it has not been implicated in hybridization with other members of the R. crocea complex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 48. | FNA vol. 12, p. 47. |
Parent taxa | Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus | Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. crocea subsp. ilicifolia, R. crocea var. ilicifolia | R. crocea subsp. pirifolia, R. crocea var. pirifolia |
Name authority | Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 37. (1863) — (as ilicifolius) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 15. (1896) |
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