Rhamnus ilicifolia |
Rhamnus lanceolata |
|
---|---|---|
evergreen buckthorn, holly leaf redberry, redberry |
eastern lanceleaf buckthorn, lanceleaf buckthorn |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, 1–4 m, unarmed. | Shrubs, 0.5–2(–4) m, unarmed. |
Branchlets | gray, stiff, glabrous or densely and softly hirtellous. |
greenish to gray, more than 5 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely softly hirtellous and glabrescent. |
Leaves | persistent, alternate; petiole 2–10 mm; blade usually dull green, sometimes reddish brown, abaxially, glossy to dull green adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong, orbiculate, or ovate, 2–4.5 cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to nearly truncate, margins spinulose to spinose-dentate, apex rounded or obtuse to truncate or emarginate, both surfaces glabrous; secondary veins 5–7 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle. |
deciduous, alternate; petiole 3–8 mm; blade dull green abaxially, shiny darker green adaxially, lanceolate to elliptic, (3–)5–8 cm, herbaceous, base cuneate, margins finely crenulate or crenulate-serrate, apex acute to acuminate, both surfaces glabrous or hairy; secondary veins 4–5 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle. |
Inflorescences | fascicles or flowers solitary. |
fascicles or flowers solitary. |
Pedicels | 2–4 mm. |
(1–)2–4 mm. |
Drupes | red, globose, 4–6(–8) mm; stones 2. |
black, globose to subglobose, 5–7 mm; stones 2. |
Sepals | 4. |
4. |
Petals | 0. |
4. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Rhamnus ilicifolia |
Rhamnus lanceolata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Canyon slopes and bottoms, rock faces, open hillsides, sandstone ridges, serpentine slopes, roadsides, stream benches, riparian areas, meadows, coastal sage scrub, chaparral/desert transition, chaparral, woodlands, montane forests. | Dry to moist thickets over calcareous rocks, seeps, rock outcrops, bottomlands. |
Elevation | 100–2200(–2400) m. (300–7200(–7900) ft.) | 50–1200 m. (200–3900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
|
AL; AR; DE; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV
|
Discussion | Plants of Rhamnus lanceolata with hirtellous-pubescent stems and leaves (subsp. lanceolata if given formal recognition; the type from Tennessee) are more restricted in distribution than glabrous plants, but the distinction often seems arbitrary. Densely hairy and glabrous plants both occur in Alabama and Tennessee. Plants with sparsely hairy leaves occur commonly in Kentucky and Illinois, rarely in Missouri and Iowa, and the density of the vestiture is variable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 48. | FNA vol. 12, p. 49. |
Parent taxa | Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus | Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. crocea subsp. ilicifolia, R. crocea var. ilicifolia | R. lanceolata subsp. glabrata, R. lanceolata var. glabrata |
Name authority | Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 37. (1863) — (as ilicifolius) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 166. (1813) — (as lanceolatus) |
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