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evergreen buckthorn, holly leaf redberry, redberry

eastern lanceleaf buckthorn, lanceleaf buckthorn

Habit Shrubs or small trees, 1–4 m, unarmed. Shrubs, 0.5–2(–4) m, unarmed.
Branchlets

gray, stiff, glabrous or densely and softly hirtellous.

greenish to gray, more than 5 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely softly hirtellous and glabrescent.

Leaves

persistent, alternate;

petiole 2–10 mm;

blade usually dull green, sometimes reddish brown, abaxially, glossy to dull green adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong, orbiculate, or ovate, 2–4.5 cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to nearly truncate, margins spinulose to spinose-dentate, apex rounded or obtuse to truncate or emarginate, both surfaces glabrous;

secondary veins 5–7 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle.

deciduous, alternate;

petiole 3–8 mm;

blade dull green abaxially, shiny darker green adaxially, lanceolate to elliptic, (3–)5–8 cm, herbaceous, base cuneate, margins finely crenulate or crenulate-serrate, apex acute to acuminate, both surfaces glabrous or hairy;

secondary veins 4–5 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle.

Inflorescences

fascicles or flowers solitary.

fascicles or flowers solitary.

Pedicels

2–4 mm.

(1–)2–4 mm.

Drupes

red, globose, 4–6(–8) mm;

stones 2.

black, globose to subglobose, 5–7 mm;

stones 2.

Sepals

4.

4.

Petals

0.

4.

2n

= 24.

Rhamnus ilicifolia

Rhamnus lanceolata

Phenology Flowering Jan–Jun. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Canyon slopes and bottoms, rock faces, open hillsides, sandstone ridges, serpentine slopes, roadsides, stream benches, riparian areas, meadows, coastal sage scrub, chaparral/desert transition, chaparral, woodlands, montane forests. Dry to moist thickets over calcareous rocks, seeps, rock outcrops, bottomlands.
Elevation 100–2200(–2400) m. (300–7200(–7900) ft.) 50–1200 m. (200–3900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DE; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plants of Rhamnus lanceolata with hirtellous-pubescent stems and leaves (subsp. lanceolata if given formal recognition; the type from Tennessee) are more restricted in distribution than glabrous plants, but the distinction often seems arbitrary. Densely hairy and glabrous plants both occur in Alabama and Tennessee. Plants with sparsely hairy leaves occur commonly in Kentucky and Illinois, rarely in Missouri and Iowa, and the density of the vestiture is variable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 48. FNA vol. 12, p. 49.
Parent taxa Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus
Sibling taxa
R. alaternus, R. alnifolia, R. arguta, R. cathartica, R. crocea, R. davurica, R. japonica, R. lanceolata, R. pilosa, R. pirifolia, R. serrata, R. smithii, R. utilis
R. alaternus, R. alnifolia, R. arguta, R. cathartica, R. crocea, R. davurica, R. ilicifolia, R. japonica, R. pilosa, R. pirifolia, R. serrata, R. smithii, R. utilis
Synonyms R. crocea subsp. ilicifolia, R. crocea var. ilicifolia R. lanceolata subsp. glabrata, R. lanceolata var. glabrata
Name authority Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 37. (1863) — (as ilicifolius) Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 166. (1813) — (as lanceolatus)
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